the formulary afresh, as if they had taken no steps in the matter before, and should cause it to be signed by their clergy ; but any explanatory remarks which they might wish to make should be made by a proces-verbal at their diocesan synods, such written statements not to be published, but to be deposited in the registry of each diocese ; and that they should afterwards join in a letter to the pope, informing him of this new act of dutiful submission to his authority. This expedient was ap- proved by the nuncio, accepted on his recommendation by the pope, and ultimately adopted. The bishop of Alet proved for some time intractable. Courier after courier was despatched to urge him to compliance, but in vain. At last, persuaded that the peace of the Church would be maintained by his submission, he yielded to the importunate entreaties of the bishop of Comminges, Antoine Arnauld, and other friends, and ap- pended his signature, Sept. 10, 1GG8. The otlier prel- ates assented without difficulty, and the matter was forever closed. In 1G75 Pavilion was involved anew in conflict with the state authority. By the decree of the crown, ratified by Parliament, declaring the law of Kegale in general force, in 1G73 the question had been forced home to Pavilion whether he would suffer in his own diocese appointments by the crown AvhUe he was at the head of the see. The treasurership of his cathedral was conferred in 1G79 in Kegale upon a young ecclesiastic of Toulouse, who in the absence of the bish- op came to take possession. "When Pavilion returned, he prohibited this appointee from assuming the duties of the office ; and when he appealed to the archbishop of Paris to assist him against the court at which the ap- pointee had sought redress. Pavilion was unfavorably re- plied to, and he found himself obliged to stand in his own strength. In March, 1G76, he published an ordinance against the intrusion of any person into any benefice or dignity in virtue of the Regale. Of course a decree of the ecclesiastical council of Paris, readily granted upon request of the crown, set aside Pavilion's ordinance; and though the good bishop wrote to the king, and pleaded for the rights of the Church as he interpreted them, his position was condemned, and he was only suffered to remain in his see by reason of his great age. He died Dec. 8, 1677. Pavilion published a sort of " Compen- dium Theologicum," which he entitled Riiuela V usage du Diocese cVAleth (Paris, 1667, 4to, and often), and which was designed especially for his own diocese. It was published anonymously ; and, as it was attributed to Ar- nauld, it was condemned at Rome by a decree of April 9, 1G68, though it surpassed anything that had pre- viously appeared for clear statements of doctrine and sound Christian instruction. Pavilion published in July following a pastoral letter against this brief, and, not- withstanding the anathemas, he had his book printed again, adding to it the aiiprovals of twenty-nine French prelates. The ritual continued to be observed in the diocese of Alet, and was extensively circulated through- out France. The death of pope Clement only a few months later terminated this unpleasant affiiir, especially as the casuists could get no encouragement from the new pope. Innocent XI, who became a most ardent admirer of Pavilion. Indeed, our good prelate was highly es- teemed by all honorable characters, for he was a brave defender of the Christian doctrine of grace, maintained strictly the rules of Christian morality, and protected, or strove to protect, the rights and immunities of the Church. Other works bj' bishop Pavilion are, Ordon- nances et Statuts Sijnodavx (Toulouse, 1670; Paris, 1675, 12mo) : — Lettre ecrite au Roi (1664, 4to). There was a question of the royal prerogative to which Pavilion re- fused to submit; and this letter, upon the charge of the general counsellor Talon, was suppressed by a decree of the Parliament of Paris of Dec. 12, 1664. See Vie de //. Nicolas Pavilion, evcgue d'A Ict/i (Saint Hiel, 1738, 3 vols. 1 2mo) ; Necrologe de Port-Royal, p. 464 ; JMrs. Schimmel- penninck. Select Memoirs of Port-Royal ; Life of Nico- las Pavilion, bj' a Layman of the Church of England
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(Oxf. and Loud. 18G9, 12mo) ; Jervis, Hist, of the Church of France, i, 465 sq. (J. H.W.)
Pavoiia, FnANCEsco, an Italian painter, was born at Udine in 1(J92. He first studied under Giovanni Gioseifo dal Sole. He afterwards studied at Milan, and thence proceeded to Genoa. He next went to Spain, Portugal, and German}-, at all which courts he was well received and executed many works. He resided some time at Dresden, and there married and had a family. He subsequently returned to Bologna, where he re- mained a considerable time, and executed some works for the churches. Lanzi says he was an excellent painter in oil, and better in crayons. He painted many large altar-pieces, well designed and colored. He also excelled in portraits. He died at Venice in 1777. See Spooner, Biof/. Hist, of the Fine A rts, ii, GOG.
Pavonii, priests among the ancient Romans who conducted the worship of Favor (q. v.).
Pavor, a personilication of Fear, worshipped among the ancient Komans as a companion of Mars, the god of war. The worship of this deity is said to have been instituted bj- TuUus Hostilius.