Pavie, Jean-Baptiste-Raimond de, abbe De Fourguevaux, grandson of Francois, was born in 1693 at Toulouse. He enlisted in the regiment of the Roi (V Infanterie, and obtained a lieutenancy. L^pon the ur- gent entreaties of his mother he left the profession of arms, and in 1717 entered the society of Saint Hilaire, in Paris. He died Aug. 2, 1768, at the chateau De Fourguevaux. In devoting himself to works of piety, he took part in religious quarrels, and wrote many books of devotion or controversy : we cite from him, Ti-aite de la Confiance Chretienne (Paris, 1728, 1781), which occasioned great disputes; and Catechisme histo- rique et dogmatique (ibid. 1729, 2 vols. 12mo; reprinted in 1766 in 5 vols, with the sequels). See Xouvelles Ec- clesiast. Feb. 7, 1769. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xxxix, 422.
Pa"vilion, the rendering in the A. V. of ~D, sok (Psa. xxvii, 5 ; elsewhere " tabernacle," " den," or " cov- ert," which last is the literal meaning), or rt2p (2 Sam. xxii, 12 ; 1 Kings xx, 12, 16 ; Psa. xviii, 11 ;'xxxi, 20), sukkdh, whicli signifies a booth, hut, formed of green boughs and branches interwoven (Gen.x.xxiii, 17; Jonah iv, 5). It is rendered "booth" (Lev. xxiii, 40-43; Neh. viii, 15, 17); "tabernacles" (Lev. xxiii, 34; Deut. xvi, 13, 16; Isa. iv, 6); "cottage" (Isa. i, 8). It sometimes signifies tent, tents for soldiers; rendered "tent" (2 Sam. xi, 11) ; " pavilions," margin " tents" (1 Kings xx, 12, 16). See Tent. It is also used poetically for the dwelling of God (Psa. xviii, 11), where the Psalmist sublimely describes Jehovah as surrounding himself with dark wa- ters, and thick clouds of the skies, as with a tent, or " pa- vilion" (Job xxxvi, 29). See Tabernacle. Among the Egyptians pavilions were built in a similar style to houses, though on a smaller scale, in various parts of the countrv, and in the foreign districts through which the
PAVILLON
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Ancient Egyptian Pavilion. (From the Sculptures at Thebes.)
Egyptian armies passed, for the use of the king; and some private liouses occasionally imitated these small castles by substituting for the usual parapet wall and cornice the battlements that crowned them, and which were intended to represent Egyptian shields (Wilkinson, A71C. Eg. i, 23). The Hebrew word T^^S'^J) shaphrir, rendered "royal pavilion" (Jer. xliii, 10), is properly throne-ornament, tapestry, with which a throne is hung. See Throne.
Throne-Room at Teheran.
Pavilion, Nicolas, a noted French prelate, cele- brated especially for his relation to the Jansenistic re- treat in Paris known as " Port-Koyal," and one of the ablest of the Galilean Church advocates, was born in Paris Nov. 17, 1597. Even as a boy he displayed purity of character seldom seen in j'outh, and as a student was all that the most exacting could expect. Gifted with remarkable intellectual power, he was the favorite of St. Vincent de Paul, his confessor, who employed Pavil- ion, as soon as his age would permit, in different mis- sions, and finally placed him at the head of the assem- blies of charity and the conferences of St.Lazarc. Pavil- ion had great misgivings about assuming any responsi- bility, and did not enter the priesthood until he was thirty j'ears of ago, and then, without being attached to any parisli, devoted himself to the exercises of the holy ministry by assisting different curates, especially in the pulpit. He had determined in his own mind never to preach at Paris, but Vincent de Paul prevailed upon him to change his mind, and in 1637 he preached at the
church of St. Croix. Crowds were attracted by his elo- quence and simplicity, and the city was soon in a gen- eral excitement concerning the new preacher. Cardinal Richelieu and others of distinction went to hear him, and were so pleased that he was appointed to the bishopric of Alet, and was consecrated Aug. 21, 1G39, at Paris. He left that city Oct. 8, with the resolution of never more returning to it. In his diocese his predecessor, Etienne de Polverel, had maintained a conduct little edifying, and his clergy had imitated him only too well. Nicolas Pavilion set himself at work immediately for the instruction and reform of the clergy, and in conse- quence of his wise regulations he succeeded in remedj*- ing the most deplorable abuses. His diocese very soon changed its condition ; ignorance and disorders were banished from it. In 1647 bishop Pavilion got into diffi- culties with the Jesuits, who refused to acknowledge his diocesan power, and from this time forward his work was more or less impaired by their opposition, which, at first confined to his own see, gradually reached the court, and he fell under a cloud, notwithstanding his devotion to the good work, and his piety and untiring industry. Thus Pavilion had founded a seminary for theolog- ical instruction, and one for lady teachers; had paid spe- cial attention to the secular school, and by his personal supervision greatly improved their condition. As he was in intimate relations with Dr. Arnauld (q. v.) and his partisans, the Jesuits accused Pavilion of heresy and disloyalty, and by every means in their power plotted his destruction. His friend, Vincent de Paul, made strenuous efforts to draw Pavilion away from his Port-Koy alist associations ; but Pavilion took no notice of his opponents, and un- hesitatingly endorsed the good doctor. After the death of St. Vincent Pavil- ion pronounced against the spreading of the hcit;tical practices in Mariolatry even more openly.