Rudelbach, Andreas, a Danish theologian, was born at Copenhagen in 1792. He became superintend- ent at Glauchau, Saxony, in 1829, and died in 1862. He published a number of dogmatic works, in which he advocates the orthodox Lutheran creed.
Rudenture, the moulding, in form like a rope or staff, filling the flutings of columns, usuall}* one third of the height. It is sometimes plain, sometimes orna- mental.
Rudes (uncultivated), one of the names given to the catechumens in the early Church, because they were unacquainted with the doctrines of Christianity, into which the baptized or faithful were initiated.
Riidinger (also Riidiger and Rudlnger), Es- ROM, a German theologian and author, was born at Bamberg, Bavaria, May 19, 1523. He was a pupil of Joachim Camerarius in his early years, and subsequently (1548) became his son-in-law. In 1549 he became rec- tor of the gymnasium at Zwickau, and greatly promoted
let; "helm," James iii, 4), an oar (hence the English the efficiency of that school; but, as his relations with paddle} used by the ancients for steering vessels, being the superintendent became unpleasant by reason of his l>assed through an eye or rowlock at the stern; when advocacy of the "necessity of^ good works," he gladly at anchor they were unshipped, and secured from slip- I accepted a call to Wittenberg in 1557. In 1562 he be-
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came rector, and in 1570 dean, of the theological faculty of that university. 13y this time his peculiar views had become known. He did not acknowledge the corporeal presence of Christ in tlie sacrament, nor a real partak- ing of the les sacramenii by unbelievers. He was com- manded to renounce such opinions, and was even ar- rested (1574); but he refused and lied, eventually es- tablishing a school among the Moravians, in connection with whose curriculum he wrought out his valuable exposition of the book of Psalms, lie died at Nurem- berg in 1591, though Altorf is sometimes given as the place of his decease.
Rudinger left many works in manuscript, besides others which were published. His theological writings are the following : Synesii Cyrencei ^ICgyjytii, seu de Pro- videntia Disputatio, etc. (Basle, 1557): — Exegesis . . . de Ccena Bom. (Leipsic and Heidelberg, 1575; the latter edition naming Cureus as the author): — Lib7i Psalmo- runi Puraphrasis Laiinu: — 'EvSe^iov, Tunica Funebris ex Tela Paradid ad I>extram Crucis Chiisti (Luke xxiii, 43) : — De Origine Ubiquitatis Pii et Eruditi . . . Tractatio (Geneva, 1597), a posthumous work usually' credited to him: — De Jesu Martyre Anna Burgio, etc., in Miegii Monurnenta, etc., ii, Gl sq. : — De Fratribus Orthodox- is in Bohemia et Moravia, etc., in Camerarius's Nar- ratio de Fratr. Orthod. Ecclesiis in Boh. (Heidelberg, 1605). See Will, N Umber gisches Gelehrten-Lexikon, s. v., and the supplementary volume to the same work by Nopitsch, s. V. — Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. w
Rudolph, St., a monk of Fulua in the 9th cen- turj', was a pupil of Rhabanus Maurus (q. v.), director of the convent-school, and spiritual counsellor and favorite ])reacher to Louis II. He wrote a number of works, among which a continuation of the Annals of Fiilda (839-«63) holds the tirst place. By direction of his ab- bot, Maurus, he composed a life of Lioba, abbess of Bischofsheim, which is given in Surius and Mabillon {Acta Ord. *S'. Ben. Sxc. iii, 2). A short history of the Saxons, which has been incorporated into Meginhard's narrative of the translation of St. Alexander (comp. the art. " Kelicitas u. ihre 7 Sohne" in Pertz, ii, 673-681), is also from his pen ; and to this list must be added a traci known by the erroneous title Vita B. Rabani Ar- chiep. Mogvntiocensis, given by the Bollandists, vol. i, Feb. p. 500; Mabillon, Acta Ord. S. Ben. vol. iv, pt. ii, p. 1, etc. Canisius (Lect. Antiq. ii, 168, ed. Basnage) contains a letter of Ermenrich, subsequently abbot at EUwangen, with which he transmits to Rudolph, his former instructor, a life of the priest St. Sola for im- provement. See Pertz, i, 338, 339, in the preface to the Annals of Fuldu. — Wetzer u. Welte, Kirchen-Lexi- kon, s. V.
Rudolph (Rudolf or Rodolf ) II, emperor of Gekmany, eldest son of Maximilian II, was born in 1552. He was educated at the Spanish court by the Jesuits. Upon the death of his father (October, 1576), he ascended the throne. He prohibited the exercise of the Protestant religion, and gave all the principal of- fices to the Catholics. This bigotry and intolerance led the Protestants to ally themselves with their coreligion- ists in the Low Countries and in France in 1608, of which confederation the elector-palatine Frederick IV was the head. Between 1608 and 1611 his brother Matthias extorted from Rudolph successively the sovereignty of Austria, Moravia, Hungary, Bohemia, etc. He died without issue in .January, 1612, and was succeeded by Matthias. Rudolph was devoted to the study of as- trology and the occult sciences, and extended his pat- ronage to Kepler and Tycho Brahe. The liiidolphine Tables derive their name from Rud((lp)i, who originally undertook to defray the expenses incidental to the un- dertaking, but failed for want of means. See Kurtz. Geschichte Oestreichs unter Kaiser Rudolph (Liiiz, 1821).
Rudra (the bloody one), a Hindu deity of the Vaidic period, described in tlie Veda as the father of the winds. At a later period he is identified witli Siva (q. v.)