of the condition of the class the most numerous and poor. The means was, to each man a vocation ac- cording to his capacitj", and to each capacity a reward according to its works. The result aimed at was a sort of democratic epicureanism. It was an outbirtli of a one-sided brooding over the conflict between capital and labor, noble and peasant, priest and devotee. It sprang of fanatical enthusiasm for a vaguely compre- hended good; it was devoid of high ethical thoughts; it had no just appreciation of the philosophy of histo- ry : hence it was of a highly artificial and sentimental character, and its speedy collapse was a matter of log- ical necessity. So soon, therefore, as Saint-Simon died (May 19, 1825), and the enthusiasm of his first disciples had occasion to come into contact with the practical facts of society, the sj'Stem as a whole vanished into thin air. Dissensions arose. Rodrigues, Enfantin, Le- roux, Bazard, Comte, each interpreted the master for himself, and each went his own way. The last rem- nant of organized Saint-Simonism was dispersed by de- cree of a civil court in August, 1832. After this date most of the members returned to the ranks of ordinary life, and the system became simply a matter of social history. See Carove, Der Saini-Simonismus (Leipzig, 1831); Ycit, Saint-Simon (ibid. 1834); Matter, in Stud, u. Krit. (1832) ; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. xiii, 317-320; EnojcL Brit. (8th ed.), vol. xix. (J. P. L.)
Saint-'V7orship. See Invocation of Saints.
Sainte-Aulaire, Martial Louis de Beaipoil i>E, a French prelate, was born in 1720, and in 1759 he was called to the bishopric of Poitiers, and made deputy to the state assembly of 1789. He was adverse to all innovations, and strongly opposed to the requirements of the law in obliging ecclesiastics to take the civil oath. In 1791 he went to England and afterwards to Switzerland, where he died in 1798. — Hoefer, Nouv, Bioff. Generate, s. v.
Sainte-Beiive, Jacques de, a French theologian, was born at Paris, April 20, 1613. He received his de- gree in 1C38 at the Sorbonne, and became royal professor of theology in that institution, Avhere his learning gained for him so wide a reputation that he was considered one of the most ready casuists of his time. His refusal to subscribe to the censure passed upon two propositions of Arnauld caused him to lose bis professorship in 1G5G. He Avas also deprived of his authority as preacher; but as he afterwards showed more submission to the dictates of the Church by signing tlic new formula prescribed Feb. 15, 1GG5, by Alexander A"II, he was chosen theo- logian of the French clergy. This position brought him a pension, and also obliged him to write a Theoloffie Morale for the assembly at Mantes. Sainte-Beuve lived in Paris in retirement, but was sought for consul- tation by all the dignitaries of his time. It was said that he not only ruled all of one city, but a whole king- dom. He died Dec. 15, 1G77. His writings, are De Con- ftrmatione (1G86) : — De Extrtma Unciione (1G8G) : — Decisions de Cas de Conscience (1C8G). Tliese works were edited after his death by his brother Jerome. — Hoefer, Xour. Biorj. Generale, s. v.
Saiiite-Maithe, Claude dk, a French ascetic author, was born at Paris, June 8, 1G20. He entered the priesthood in early life, and lived for a time in soli- tude. After being for some years cure of Moiideville, in the diocese of Sens, he entered the order of Port- Royal dcs Champs. Twice he was obliged to leave on account of persecution, and finally, in 1G79, went to live at his chAtean at Courbeville, where he died Oct. 11, 1G90. His writings are. Defense des Religeuses de Port- Royal et de leur Directeurs (16G7): — Traites de Piete (1702) -.—Lettres de Piete et de Morale (1709). He wrote ]iart of the Morale Pratiqne des Jesuites, and was engaged in the translation of the New Testament by INIons. Besides these, he left many petty works, sermons, and letters. — Hoefer, Xouv. Biorj. Generale, s. v.
Sainte-Valier, Jean Baptiste de Lacroix de,
SAINTS
249
SAKTAS
a French prelate, was bom at Grenoble, Nov. 14, 1G53. He became chaplain to Louis XIV, and in 1G84 was appointed vicar -general of Quebec by bishop Laval. He arriv^ed in Canada Jul3r 30, 1085, returned to France Nov. 1087 ; was consecrated bishop of (Quebec, Jan. 25, 1088, and went back to Canada in Aui^ust of the same year; founded the general hospital at (Quebec, was cap- tured bj' the English at sea wliile returning from a visit to France, Juh', 1704, and remained a prisoner until 1709. He died at Quebec, Dec. 20, 1727. He was the author of Etat Present de VEylise el de la Colonit Frangaise dans la Nouvelle France (1088).
Saints. See S.vtvT.
Saints, Invouatiox ok. See Invocation of Saints.
Saints' Days. See Calendar; Feasts.
Saints' Relics. Sec Kelics.
Sai'r. See Satyk.
Saitis, in Greek mj'thology, is a surname oi Minerva^ under which she possessed a temple on the mountain Pontinus, near Lerna, in Argolis. This Saitic worship was doubtless derived from Sais, in Egypt, where the goddess Neith was adored, the latter service being in- corporated with that of Minerva by the Greeks.
Saitons, in Prussian mythologj', were persons who inflicted wounds on themselves, and spilled their blood in the sacred groves, in order to make atonement to the gods for the sins of other people.