A smaller work on moral theology, Cursus Theol. Mui-alis (Venet. 1728, complete in 6 vols.), was pub- lished by the same order and school, whose authors were, without exception, Probabilists. See PKonABiL- ISM. Their names are given in the book. The work has been highly commended by Eoman Catholic theo- logians in the department of morals, e. g. by Gurj'. — 'W^etzer u. Weltc, Kirchen-Lex. ix, 580.
Salmasius, Claudius {Claude ele Saumaise'), one of the greatest l'"rench scholars of the 17th centur}-, was born at Semur-en-Auxois, in Burgundy, April 15, 1588. His father, a jurist, gave him the first elements of his classic knowledge; his mother, a Calvinist, impressed upon him her practical religion. At the age of ten he wrote Latin and Greek. At sixteen he went to the University of Paris, and was greatly stimulated by in- tercourse with those great classic scholars, Joseph Scal- igcr and Isaac Casaubon. To his Greek and Latin he now added Hebrew, Arabic, and Coptic, which he learned without a teacher. In ICOG he resorted to the Univer- sity of Heidelberg to study jurisprudence under Gotho- fredus, but he found the most attraction in the rich li- brary, and especially in its rare manuscripts. He now gave up jurisprudence as a specialty, and devoted him- self to universal erudition. At the age of twenty-one he brought out his richly annotated edition of Florus, a work which gave him a name among the scholars of the age. In 1611 he printed at Paris his Scriptorcs llistoriie Augusta'. In 1623 he married, and lived for some years near Paris, working upon his essays on Pliny and Solinus. They appeared in Paris in 1629 in two
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folio volumes, under the title Pliniania: Dusertaliones in Caii Julii Soliiii Palijliistora, and obtained for tiieir author wide fame and calls to many foreign univers^i- ties. In 1G32 he accepted an honorary professorship at Levden, with a comfortable pension, devoting himself to "erudite labor, and declining many tempting invita- tions to return to France. Even the offer by Kichelieu of six times as great a salary if lie would come to Paris and become the great statesman's biographer was re- spectfully declined, with the remark that he could not consent to devote his pen to the work of tiattery. His work on the primacy of the pope (1C45) involved him in trouble with the Roman clergy ; but the consequences of his Dejhmo Regia pro Carolo Primo (Leyden, 1649), which he had written at the request of the banished king Charles II, were much more serious, for it not only called forth the able and passionate rejoinder of Milton, JJefeiisio pro Populo Awjlicano (1050), but it brought upon its author the disapproval of his republican pa- trons in Holland. Wounded at this, Salmasius hastily accepted an invitation of Christina of Sweden to enter her service ; but, his expectations not being met, he re- turned to Holland in 1651. But his health was now completely broken. Salmasius became a Protestant at Heidelberg while still a youth, and held fast to his faith at no little self-sacritice throughout life. He died at Spa Sept, 6, 1653, and was buried at Maestricht. Among his writings which bear upon religion, we may mention De Episcopis et Pi-eshyteris : — De C<esarie Virorum et Mii- lierum Coma: — Super Uerodis Infanticida: — De Tran- substantione : — De Cruce et Hyssopo. See Papillon, Bib- liotheque des Auteuis de Bourgogiie ; Paquot, Memoires; Herzog, Real-EncijUop. xiii, 3-28-331. (J. P. L.)
Salmeggia, Enka, an Italian painter, was born at Eergamo. He was a pupil of Campi at Cremona, af- terwards went to Kome, and for fourteen years gave himself to the study of the works of liaffaelle. His works show the effect of this study. Many of his pict- ures are at Bergamo, but the best may be seen in Milan, as -iS^ Victor, Christ, in the Garden, and others. He died in 1626. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Salnieron, Alphonso, one of the original six who associated themselves with Loyola in founding the So- ciety of Jesus. He was born at Toledo in 1515. Hav- ing learned the ancient languages at Alcala, he repaired to the University of Paris to stud}' philosophy and the- ology. There he became attached to Loyola, and was soon one of his most zealous and efficient disciples. Subsequently he visited Italy, and promoted the cause of the new order by enthusiastic public labors of every kind. His talent for controversy was of a high order. The pope rewarded his zeal by conferring on him the title of Apostolic Nuncio of Ireland. He was charged by the popes Paul III, Julius HI, and Pius IV with the function of papal theologian and orator at the Council of Trent. In co-operation with Lainez, he prepared a statement of the so-called erroneous teachings of the
Reformers, accompanying each one with citations from the fathers, popes, and councils which refuted and con- demned them. After the Council of Trent he returned to Italy, and retired into the college which he had founded at Naples. There, as president of the provin- cial section t)f his order in Naples, he closed his days, in 1585, combating all forms of heresy, and preparing his extensive commentary on the Bible. His works were published, in sixteen volumes folio, at Madrid, Mantua, Brixen, and Cologne (1597-1612). Some of the titles of tlie separate volumes are, Prolegomenon in Unieersam Scrijjiuram :—De Jncarnatione Vei-bi : — De Sermone Domini in Monte: — De Christi Miraculis : — De Passione et Morte Domini: — De Resur)-ectione et As- censione Domini. See Herzog, Real-Encyklop. xiii. 331. (J. P. L.)