Sal'mon, the name of a man and of a hill.
1. (Heb. Salmon', "iin^iy, clothing, Ruth iv, 21, Sept. '2a\jim> v. r. "^aKpav ; but Scdma', X^?iiJ, id. I Chron. ii, 11, Sept. 2aXju«v v. r. 2n\ai|ii('W, A. V. "Sal- ma;" and Salmuh', Til^'':!, id. Ruth iv, 20, Sept. 2aX- fiiov V. r. SrtXjttaj', A. V. "Salmon;'" N. T. ILaKpwi'). The son of Nahshon and the ancestor of Boaz, of the family of Judah and David (Ruth iv, 20, 21; 1 Chron. ii, 1 1 ; Matt, i, 4, 5 ; Luke iii, 32). B.C. cir. 1660. See Genealogy of Christ.
2. (Heb. Tsalmon, "jT^b^, shady.') A place named (Psa. Ixviii, 14) as a battle-field, apparently during the Israelites' conquest of Canaan; probabl}' the Mount Zaljiox (q. V.) elsewliere (Judg. ix, 48) referred to.
Salmon, Nathaniel, an English clergyman and physician, son of the Rev. Thomas Salmon, was edu- cated at Cambridge. He entered holy orders, but after a while abandoned the clerical profession for that of medicine, in the practice of which, and in the study of antiquities, he passed the remainder of his life. He died April 2, 1742. His principal works were. Lives of the English Bishops (Loud. 1733, 8vo) : — History of Hertfordsliire (ibid. 1728); and others on history and antiquities.
Salnio'ne (SoXjUoOi'?;, of unknown etymology), a promontory in Crete, apparently forming the north-east point of the island, mentioned thus in the narrative of Paul's voyage and shipwreck: "When we had scarce come over against Cnidus, the wind not sufl'ering us,' we sailed under Crete, over against Salmone" (Acts xxvii, 7). Capt. Smith (of Jordanhill) has shown the naturalness and accuracy of this notice in his own pe- culiar way. The direct course of the ship, he states, from Myra to Itah', after reaching Cnidus, lay by the north side of Crete; but the wind at the time did not suffer that, blowing, as he shows, from a point some- what to the west of north-west— a wind very prevalent in the Archipelago in late summer. Then he says, " With north-west winds the ship could work up from
View of Cai)e Salnioue.
IX.-R
SALMOXEUS
258
SALOME
Myra to CuitUis; because, until she reached that point, she had the advantage of a weather shore, under the lee of which slie would have smooth water and a west- erh' current; but it would be slowly and with difficulty. AtCnidus that advantage ceased; and unless she had put into that harbor and waited for a fair wind, lier onlv course was to run under the Ice of Crete, kutci ^a\^ojt'iji', i" tlie direction of Salmone, which is the eastern extremity of that island" (Paul's Voyaye and Shipicreck, ch. ii). They passed the point, the evan- gelist says, with some difficulty ; and the same modern writer mentions the case of a squadron (a portion of the British Heet from Abukir) wliich tried to take the same course, but had the wind too westerly to admit of their doing so (see Lewin, St. Paul, ii, 191). See Ship- AVKiiCK {of St. Paul).
The classical name for the headland is Salmonium, tSammonium, or Samoniian (2a\/(W)'io)', Sajujuoij'ioj', Sajuwi'ioi', Ptolem. iii, 15, § 5; Strabo, ii, 106; x, 474, 475, 478, 489; comp. Pomp. Mela, ii, 7, § 12; Pliny, iv, 20, § 21). The name Point Salumoti is now usually applied to the end of Cape Sidero. the easternmost ex- treme of Crete (Hiick, Creta, i, 427); but Spratt (^e- searckes in Crete [Lond. 18G5]) thinks it is rather a southern extension of tliat headland called Cape Plaka. See Crete.
Salmoneus, in Greek mythology, was a son of ^Eolus and Enarete, and lirother of Sisyphus. He was king in Elis (where he built Salmone), and husband, first of Alcidice, the mother of Tyro, and afterwards of SiilCTo. Such was his vanity tliat he demanded to be recognised and worshipped as Jupiter, and that, to de- ceive the populace, he attempted to imitate the light- nings of Jove by causing flaming torches to be thrown about him, and the thunders of the god by driving over soimding bridges of brass with heavy war-chariots, or by dragging vessels filled with air behind his chariot. He was even charged with having murdered people, that he might pretend that they had fallen beneath his thunderbolts. Jupiter at length became wearied of his madness, and smote him with his bolt, besides <lestroyiug the entire city of Salmone. — VoUmer, \V6r- terb. d. Mythol. s. v.
Sa'lom (2a\(u/i), a Greek form in the Apocrypha, {a) incorrectly (1 iNIacc. ii, 2(>), for Sai.u (q. v.), the fa- ther of Zimri (Numb, xxv, 14) ; {Ii) less correctly (Bar. i, 7). for Shallum (q. v.), the father of Hilkiah (1 Chrou. vi, 13).
Salo'md {'SlaXioj.tt], from the Ileb. Dlbd, i. e, peace- fid), the name of several women mentioned or alluded to in the N. T. and by Josephus.
1. Called also A lexandra, the wife of Aristobulus I, king of the Jews, on whose death (B.C. 106) she released her brothers, who had been thrown by him into prison, and advanced the eldest of them (Alexander Janna?us) t<» the throne (Joseplius. Ant. xiii, ]'2, 1 ; War, i, 4, 1). By some she has been identified with Alexandra, the wife of Alexander Jamucus. See Alexandra.
2. A (laughter of Antipater by his wife Cypros, and sister of Herod the Great, one of the most wicked of women. She first married Joseph, whom she accused of familiarities with ilariamne, wife of Herod, and thus procured his death (B.C. 34). She afterwards married Costobarus; but, being disgusted with him, she put him away — a license till tlien unlieard of among the Jews, whose law (says Josephus) allows men to put away their wives, but does not allow women eciual liberty (B.C. 20). After this she accused him of treason against Herod, who put him to death. She caused much di- vision and troidjle in Herod's family by her calumnies and mischievous informations; and she may be consid- ereil as the chief author of the death of the princes Al- exander and Aristobulus, and of their mother IMariamne. See AuisToni-i.f.s. She afterwards conceived a violent passion for an Arabian yirince, called Silla-us, whom she would have married against her brother Herod's con-