Salviati, Bernardo, an Italian cardinal of the same family as the preceding, was born at Florence in 1492. As a knight of St. John of Jerusalem he took part in several expeditions against the barbaric cor- sairs, and reached the rank of general of the galleys. He undertook a campaign in the Pelo|)onnesus when the island of Rhodes was in the hands of Soliman ; he
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laid Tripoli in ruins, destroyed the forts along the canal of Fuiiiera, besieged and took Cordon, in the Morea, and ravagt'd the island of Scio. Thus in a short time his name became a terror to the Turiis. Being sent to Barcelona, tc Charles Y, he jdeaded in vain for the lib- erty of his country, then torn by revolutions. Having gone to the court of France, he followed the advice of his relative. Catherine de' Medicis, entered the ecclesi- astical life, and was made almoner of the queen. In 1549 Salviati became bishop of Saint-Papoul, and, at the request of Catherine de' Medicis, received from Pius IV the cardinal's hat, together with the bishopric of Clermont. He died at Kome, May 6, 1568.— Hoefer, Xoui: Biog. Ginerale, s. v.
Salviati, Francesco Rossi de' (called CeccM- no (/<-■ Salriati). an Italian painter, was born at Flor- ence in 1510. He was tirst taught by his father, Filip- po Kossi, but afterwards became a pupil of Bugiardiiii, and frequented the studios of the artists Raffaello da Brescia and Andrea del Sarto. After he had gained some reputation, he was called to Rome by cardinal Giovanni Salviati, who became his patron, and whose name he took. He died at Kome in ;563. In his fres- cos, Salviati shows a richness of invention and purity of design which have made him justly celebrated. His paintings are to be found in many of the principal cities of Europe. In the Louvre are a IIvlij Fdinihi, a Visita- tion, and The Unhdief of Thomas.— Hoekr, Xouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Salviati, Giovanni, an Italian cardinal, was born at Florence, March "24, 1490. He became cardinal in 1517, then administrator of the Church at Fermo, and, in 15-20, bishop of Ferrara. His cousin, Clement YII, sent him to quiet the troubles in Parma, and also, in 1526, on a mission to Charles Y at Madrid, to solicit the release of Francis I and the recall of the imperial troops wliich had invaded the Papal States. Not being able to prevent the sack of Rome by the soldiers of the con- stable de Bourbon, Salviati went to implore the aid of the king of France in favor of the Holy See. By his mediation the treaty of the Holy League was signed. May 29, 1527, between Clement YII, Francis I, and Hen- ry YII ; and, in spite of many obstacles, he also brought about a peace between Charles Y and the Holy See. From Francis I he.received, in 1520, the diocese of Ole- ron, and, in addition, that of Saint-Papoul, besides sev- eral rich abbeys. In 1543 he became bishop of Albano, and in 1546 of Porto. The home of Salviati at Rome was tlie resort of men of genius, who always found in liim a generous patron. He died at Ravenna, Oct. 28, 1553. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Salvini, Salviso, an Italian scholar, was born, in 1667. at Florence. He was educated at Pisa, and gave himself to the study of belles-lettres and the antiquities of his country. He was canon of the cathedral of Flor- ence, and member of several literary associations. He died at Florence, Nov. 29, 1751. His works were nu- merous, but not of a religious character, as Fasti Conso- luri dell' Accademia Fiorentina. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, s. v.
Salzburgers, tiik, is a term applied in Protestant history to the evangelical inhabitants of the duchy of Salzburg, who, after ages of persecution, finally, in 1731-32, gave up their property and homes, and found refuge in Eastern Prussia. Salzburg, in the Middle Ages, was a powerful archbishopric, and its archbishop the most important prelate of (iermany. It lay in the mountains in the south-west of Austria. Its population was Christianized by St. Rupert in the 6th century. The doctrines of Huss early obtained a footing, but the severe measures of archbishop Eberhard HI in 1420 8upi)resKod them, though it is probaljle that the good leaven still worked secretly in many hearts; for at the first dawn of the Reformation Salzburg warmly wel- comed it, and many of its priests began to teacli as Lu- ther. Eminent among these was the venerable friend