" In the New Testament the spiritual idea of salva- tion strongly predominates, thougli the idea of temporal <leliverance occasionally appears. Perhaps the word ' restoration' most clearly represents the great truth of the Gospel. The Sun of God came to a lost world to restore those who would cDmriiit themselves unto him to that harmony with (Jod which they had lost by sin. He appeared among men as tlie Itestorer. Disease, hunger, mourning, and spiritual depression fled from hefi>re him. All the sufferings to which the human race is sidiject were overcome by him. Death itself, the last enemy, was van(iuished ; and in his own resur- rection Christ i)roclaimed to all believers the glad tid- ings th;it (Jod's purpose of l)ringing many sons unto glory was yet to be carried out. During his lifetime Jesus Christ was especially a healer and restorer of the
body, and his ministrations were confined to the lost sheep of the house of Israel; but by his death for the sins of the whole world, and by his subsequent resur- rection and exaltation, he was enabled to fulfil the mission for which he had taken our nature. He be- came generally the Saviour of the lost. All who come to him are brought by him to God; they have spiritual life, forgiveness, and peace, and they are adopteii into the family of God. Their bodies are made temples of the Holy Ghost, by whose inworking power Christ is formed within them. Their heart being purified by faith in him as the Son of God, they receive from him the gifts and graces of God, and thus they have an earnest of the final inheritance, the complete restora- tion, which is the object of every Christian's hope. If it be asked v:hen a man is saved, the answer is that the new life which is implanted by faith in Christ is salva- tion in the germ, so that every believer is a saved man. But during the whole Christian life salvation is icorked on/, in proportion to our faith, which is the con- necting link between the Saviour and the saved — the vine and the branches. Salvation in its completion is ' ready to be revealed' in the day of Christ's appearing, when he who is now justified by Christ's blood shall be saved from wrath through him, and when there shall be that complete restoration of body and soid which shall make us fit to dwell with God as his children for evermore" (Fairbairn). See Saviour.
SALVATION, INFANT. See Infant Salvation. Salve. See Medicine ; Unguent. Salve, caput cruentatum, is the beginning of one of Bernard's seven passiim-hymns. The original, in fifty lines, in five stanzas, addressed to the face of Christ ("Ad faciem Christi in cruce pendentis"), is the best of the seven passion-hj-mns, and runs thus in the first stanza : .. g.^,^^^ ^^^^^^^ cruentatum,
Totuin spinis coronatum, Conquassatum, vnlneratura, Aruudine sic verberatuiu. Facie spntis illita.
Salve, ciijus dulcis vnltns
Immiitatus et incultus Inimutavit suum florem, Totus veisns iu palloreni, Quern coeli trenilt cura."
There are different English renderings of this hymn, as by Mrs. Charles, Christian Life in Som/, p. 159 : " Hail, thou Head! so bruised and wounded," which is also found in Schaff's Christ in Song; by Alford in the Year of Praise, No. 102: "Hail! that Head with sor- rows bowing;" by Baker, in Hymns, Ancient and Mod- ern, No. 97 : " O Sacred Head, surrounded." There are a number of German translations, but the best is that by Gerhardt : " O Haupt vol! Blut und Wimden," which again has been translated into English by Alexander and others. (B. P.)
Salve, festa dies, toto a'enerabii.is ^vo, is the beginning of a resurrection-hymu by Yenantius Fortunatus. " In this sweet poem, the whole nature, born anew in the spring, and arrayed in the bridal gar- ment of hope and promise, welcomes the risen Saviour, the Prince of spiritual and eternal life." The original, as given by Daniel (i, 170), has fourteen stanzas, of three lines each. Trench gives only ten lines, and so likewise Biissler, Kambach, and Simrock in their col- lections. Daniel remarks, "Ex hoc suavissimo poemate ecclesia decern versus sibi vindicavit, qui eflicerent canticum triumphale Paschatis." We give the first stanza :
" Salve, festn dies, toto venerabilis sevo, (Juii Dens infeinum vicit et astia tenet. Salve, festa dies, toto venerabilis ievo."
There are different English renderings, as by Mrs. Cliarles, Christian lAfe in Sowj, p. 185: "Hail, festal day! ever exalted high;" in Lyra Euchai'istica.p.lG: " Hail, festal day! for evermore adored;" in Schafij Christ in Sony, p. 235 : " Hail, Day of Days I in peals of
SALVE JESU 2
praise." German translations are given by Rambach, Bjissler, Simrock, and Fortlage. (B. P.)
Salve Jesu, summe bonus, is the beginning of one of St, Bernard's passion-hymns, and is addressed to the side of Christ. It has been translated into English by Thompson in Lyra Messianica, p. 293 :
"Jesu, hail ! supremely Good, On the branches of the Rood, How thy limbs, all aiiguish-wovn, Bitterly were scorched and torn, CB. P.") I'hou that but loo gracious art !"
Salve Regina {Hail, 0 Queen, i. e. Virgin Mary) is the name of an antiphony long in use in the lioman Catholic Church. Composer and date are unknown, though it is attributed to either Peter, bishop of Com- postella in the 10th century, or to Hermannus Con- tractus, a Benedictine, in the 11th. The Chronicles of Spires state that St. Bernard, when at Spires in the ca- pacity of apostolical delegate, added the closing words, " O Clemens, O pia, O dulcis Virgo Maria !" by which it received its present form {C/ironic. de Urbe Sjni-ensi, lib. xii). I'ope Gregory directed, in 1239, that it be recited in the dailv offices after the completorium (q. v.). In modern usage, it is employed during the interval be- tween Trinity and Advent Sundays; and it also forms a part of the usual private devotions of believers, espe- cially on Saturdays. In many dioceses the ritual in use directs the recitation of the Salve Refjina at funerals, after the burial-service, with a view to supplicate the maternal intercession of the Blessed Virgin for the souls in purgatory. St, Bernard discusses the subject-matter of this antiphony in his works, laying special emphasis on the mercy and power of Mary as here set forth {Op- era [Antw. 1616], p. 1756, s. v.). — Wetzer u. W'elte, Kir- chen-Lex. ix, 689.