The rigid Lutherans, whose leading representative was Benedict IMorgenstcrn, resisted the union move- ment at every step, and profited by the organization of the Polish Lutheran Church by the synod of Gostyn to give the opposition a more definite and vigorous form; but the matter having— apparently by an oversight on
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their part — been referred to the University of Witten- berg, a reply adverse to their purposes was received (Feb. 1568), which reiulored futile further opposition. The nobles of the land, alarmed by the successes of Ro- manism, now urijed the cessation of strife between the factions of Trotestautisra. Edicts from the throne, then occupied by the vacillating Sigismund Augustus, had pointed out the real unity of belief held by the conflict- ing parties by exempting them from a jiroscription de- creed against sectaries; and when the diet of Lublin (l.iGO), at which the union of Poland and Lithuania came to pass, convened, the evangelical nobles present decided that a synod shoidd be called to prepare the way for establishing a national Evangelical Church. After a number of preliminary conferences had been held, the synod assembled at Sandomir, April 9, 1570, an<l continued its session until April 15. Various at- tempts to establish the confession of one party as the common faith were made and set aside, until a compro- mise was effected by which each party was pledged to maintain fraternal relations with the others, while guard- ing its own confession and independent Church life.
The Sandomir Agreement was not a measure designed to secure identity of doctrinal teaching, but a provision to eft'ect a practical comity of intercourse between sep- arate churclies. It recognises the independence of the several churches, but removes the principal source of trouble — the doctrine of the Lord's supper — from the central position given to it by Lutheran polemics by emphasizing the agreement of the different confessions with respect to the leading doctrines of the faith. It provides that the ministry of either Church might con- duct the worship and administer the sacraments in con- gregations of the other churches, though under restric- tions intended to guard the usages and discipline of such congregations. It binds the contracting parties to avoid controversy and strife, and to make common cause against Romanism, sectarianism, and all other forces hostile to the Gospel ; and it provides, in conclu- sion, that all important matters affecting the churches in Poland, Lithuania, and Samogitia should be regulat- ed in common, and that deputies from all the churches shoulil attend the general synods held by any one of them. A synod subsequently held (May 20, 1570), at Posen, and largely attended, took further measures to secure the practical operation of the Consensus Sendomi- riensis; and the course of events from that time has proved that agreement as constituting the most imjjortant fact in the history of the evangelical churches in Po- land. Some opposition to the compromise was mani- fested, and more or less uneasiness was betrayed from lime to time; but the action of the general synod at Thorn, in 1595, in re-enacting the Sandomir resolutions, brought the dispute to a final settlement.
See Friese, Beitrm/e zur Ref.-Gesch. in Pvlen v. Li- thfinen ; Fischer, Vers, einer Gesch. der Ref. in Polen (Griitz, 1855); id. Kirchengesch. des Konirp-eichs Polen; Gindely, Pontes Rerum A ush-incarum ; id. Pontes Re- rum H istoi-iucanim ; Loscher, f/i<itorui Motuiim; Hart- knoch, PreuKS. Kirchen- Histbrie ; Jablonski, /Jisforia Consensus Sendomiriensis ; Cosack, Potil Speratus' Lehen u. Lieder (1801); Sclniaase, Gesch. der evam/. Kirche Danzif/s (Dantzic, 1803) ; Eichhorn, Per ermldndische Bischof u. Ciirdimd llosiits (Mayence, 1854); VVeiiger- scins, Sliivonia Reformatu. Also J. G. Walch, Hist. n. theol. Einl. in die Rel.-Streitirjkeiten ; Zorn, Hist, der zwisrhen den liilh. ii. ref. Tlieohups geh<dtenen CoIUxpti- orum ; Ik-ck, Symbol, liiicher der evavgel.-ref. Kirche ; Niemeyer, Collectio Confejisionum, etc., pref. p. Ixx ; Nitzsch, Urkundenbuch der evang. Union, etc. — llerzog, Retd- ICnci/klop. s. v.
Sandoval, Fijay Puudkncio dk, a Spanish prel- ateand liistoriini, was horn at Valladolid about 1500. He was a IJcncdictine monk, and was ajipointcd historiog- rapher to Philip III, wlu) (■ni|)l()y(d him to continue the general history of Amhrn.sio ^Morales, which ap- peared under the title of llistoria de los Reyes de Castillu
y de Leon. Among his other works are a Ilistoria de la Vidu y Hechos del Emperador Carlos V, which is esteemed a standard work and has been translated into English, and a Crdnica del Emperador de Espana, Don A lonzo VII. Sandoval was made bishop of Tuy in 1G08, and of Pampeluna in 1012. He died at Pampeluna, March 17, 1021. See Hoefer, Now. Biog. Generule, s. v.
Sands, Elisha, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born in the city of New York, 1830, and was converted under the ministry of R. S. Foster. He entered the New York East Conference, and labor- ed in Orient, Greenport, Brooklyn (York and Warren streets). Jamaica, and Patchogue. By diligent study and natural gifts, he became an eloquent, impressive, and useful minister. He died in Brooklvn, N. Y., in 1868, — Minutes of Annual Conferences, 1809, p. 98.
Sandusky, John, a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Cliurch, South, was born in Jefferson (now Marion) County, Ky., Jan. 11, 1798. His connection with the ministry extended over a period of nearly, if not quite, lifty years, and embraced a time of arduous labor and little compensation. His death took place Oct. 15, 1874, at the house of his daughter, Catharine Logan, at which time Mr. Sandusky was a member of the Kentuckv Conference. He was a man of marked character — brave, unselfish, just, and generous. He was master of the system of theology of the Church to which he belonged, clear and forcible in preaching, and greatly gifted in prayer. — Minutes of Annual Conferences, M. E. Ch., South, 1875, ]). 223.