Schoonmaker, Martiiius, a minister of the (Dutch) Reformed Church, was born at Rochester, LTlster Co., N. Y., in 1737. He studied under Goetschius and Marinus, and was licensed to preach in 1765. His ministry was spent on Long Island, embracing the churches of Brooklyn, Flatbush, New Utrecht, Flat- lands, Bushwick, and Gravesend. From 17G5 to 1783 Harlem was also included in his extensive bishopric. All of these have long been separate and important churches. His labors were necessarily very arduous, but he bore them with untiring zeal and energy down to his old age, which was so vigorous that at fourscore his sight, hearing, and other faculties were as perfect as in former years. He was universal!}' beloved and re- vered, witliout an enemj', and yet living in troublous times. He resided at Flatbush, while the care of all the churches of Kings County came upon him daily. Dur- ing the Revolutionary war he was an ardent patriot, and it is related that on his personal word and state- ment he secured from the Congress in session at Harlem the release of a person who was suspected and impris- oned as a Tory. He preached only in the Holland lan- guage. His memory is held in high esteem as one of the fathers of the Church and a relic of the old race of venerable Dutch dominies. He died in 1824. See Cor- win. Manual of the Reformed Church. ( W. J. R. T.)
Schopf, Joseph W., a Lutheran theologian, was bom at Chemnitz, April 12, 1793, and died July 15, 1831, at Dresden. 1 le published, Die symbolischen liiicher der evanr/elisch-lutherischen Kircke, deutsch mit A nmerkunfjen undErkldrunr/en, ate. (Leips. 1828, 2 vols.) : — Die Wider- lefjung der augshu7-(jischen Confession, etc. ( ibid. 1830 ) : — Der Geistliche und unsere Zeit (Dresden, 1831). See 7A\c\\(Ai, Bibliotheca Theol. ii, 1173; Winer, Ilundbuch der theoloff, Literatur. (B. 1'.)
Schotaiius, Christian, a Dutch savant and his- torian, was born at Scheng, near Francker, Aug. Iti, 1G03. He entered the Cluirch, and in 1027 was pastor in his native village. He remained there till 1G29, when he removed to Cornjum, where he spent ten years. At the end of that time he became professor of Greek in the Academy of Franekcr, and subsequently added ec-
clesiastical history to his other labors. His death, which occurred Nov. 12, 1671, was caused by extreme cold and exposure. His principal works are, Notm ad Ecanr/elia et Epistolas (Leeuwarden, 1647, 12mo): — Cutechesis (Franeker, 1053) : — Collegium Miscellaneorum Theolo- gicoi-um (ibid. 1654, 12mo) : — Beschryving van Friesland (Leeuwarden, 1656-64, with plates and maps): — Bihlio- theca Historim Sacrm V. T. (Franeker, 1662-64, 2 vols, fol.) : — Hectas Disputationiun Theologicarum (ibid. 1664, 4to) : — and an Ecclesiastical and Civil History of Fnes- ^a«(/(downto 1558). — Hoefer,A^oMi'. i?jo^. Generale,s.\.
Schott, Christian Heinrich, a German doctor of philosophy, was born at Schneeberg in 1803, and died Jlay 1, 1840, at Boritz, near INIeissen, where he had been pastor since 1830. He published, Biblische Handconcor- danz (Leips. 1827): — Zijge aus dem Lcben der Christen der drei ersten Jahrhundeiie (ibid. 1829) : — Das Leben unseres Herrn u. Heilandes Jesu Christi (ibid. 1830) : — Geschichte der deutschen Bibeliibersetzung Martin Luthers (ibid. 1835). See Zuchold, Bibliotheca Theol. ii, 1 174 sq. ; Winer, Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i, 764. (B. P.)
Schott, Heinrich August, an eminent German theologian of the so-called supernafuralist school, was born at Leipsic, Dec. 5, 1780, and died Dec. 29, 1835. He began his university studies at the age of sixteen, and was soon distinguished for his fine Latin style and for his progress in theology. Among his teachers at Leipsic were Beck, Platner, Cams, and Keil. In 1801 he began to give lectures, and in 1803 he became one of the university preachers. His edition of the works of Dionysius of Halicamassus (1804) gave him a place in the world of learning; still more so his edition of the New Testament with Latin translation (Leips. 1805). In 1809 he became professor of theology at Wittenberg, and lectured with great success on dogmatics, herme- neutics, and sacred eloquence. His Epitome Theologies Christiana} (1811) was an able work, but its usefulness was diminished by its complicated style. In 1812 he went to Jena, and there spent the rest of his fruitful life. The nucleus of a preachers' seminary which he there formed was richly endowed in 1817. His lectures were delivered in Latin. His work on eloquence. Die Theorie der Beredtsamkeit ( Leips. 1815 ; 2d ed. 1828 ), is his best title to lasting fame; but his Isagoge His- torico-critica in Libros Novi Fadei-is Sacros (Jen. 1830) is abundant in erudition, and still deserves study. In character Schott was upright, simple, and deeply pious. His motto expressed his life — " proving, believing, dili- gent," He was a scholar and a theologian of the noblest tvpe. He died in 1835. See his Life by Danz (Leips. 1836); Herzog,7?ea/-£'«P^Afo/^.xiii, (398-701. (J.P.L.)
Schott, Leopold, a German rabbi, was born at Randegg, Baden, June 27, 1807. Having finished his rabbinical studies at Hechingen and Carlsruhe, in 1829 he went to Heidelberg to attend the lectures at the uni- versity, at the same time pursuing his rabbinical stud- ies with Salomon Flirst, In 1831, after having passed his examination, he was appointed religious instructor in his native place. In 1833 he was appointed for the rabbinate of his native city, lie died Jan. 20, 1869, at Biihl, Baden. He contributed a number of essays to the Zeitung des .Tudenthums and the Orient, and published a number of Sermons. See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 286 ; Kay- serling, Bibliothek Jiid, Kanzelredner, ii, 293 sq. (B. P.)