Sourdis, Henri i>'Ksroini.K.\r ok, a French prel- ate, brother of the preceding, was born in Ib'M. and was earlv proviiled with several considerable benefices, and in l(J"i'J succeeded his brother as archbishop of Htjrdeaux. He was ass«>ciated with Itichelieu in State allairs, but ultimately became involved in troubles which ended only with Kictulieus death (Dec. 4, KM.'), when I)e Sourdis returned to his see. lie died at Autcuil, near Paris, June li*, 1045. See lloefer, \oui; Bioij. Oenerule,
8. V.
Souse, an ancient term for a corbel (q. v.).
South, the coinitry or (juartcr of the heavens which the Shemite. siandinj; with his face t«) the east, supposes to be on his riijht hand. It is denoted by seven Hebrew words, nearly all of which refer to some characteristic of the region to which they are respectively applied.
1. Zftl, nei/fb (root :33 in Syr. and Chaltl. to be c!n/), probaliiy derived its name from the hot drying winds which amuially blow into Syria, over Africa and Arabia. " In March." says Volney. "appear in Syria the perni- cious siiiii/ierly winds with the same circumstances as in Kgypt ; that is to say, their heat, which is carried to a degree so excessive that it is ditficult to form an idea of it without having felt it; but one can compare it to that of a great oven when the bread is drawn out" ( Viiyiiiie cii Si/ru' et Efiyptc, i, 207 ; comp. Luke xii, o.'i, '•When ye see the soutli wind blow, ye say there will be heat ;" and see Kitto, J'/ii/.tical Hist, of Palestine, month of March, p. 221. 222). The word is occasional- ly aj)|ilieil to a |)arclied or dry tract of land. Caleb's daughter says to her father, "Thou hast given me a south," or rather "dry land;" S2|n 1'"^ (y i\\g. tei-ram arenlcm) ; "give me also springs of water" (Judg. i, 15; comp. vcr. !•). At other times the word refers to those aril! regions, notwithstanding their occasional fertility, over which the south wind lilows into Syria. So the Sept. and Vulg. iniderstood the " whirlwinds from the «mth" (I.sa. xxi, 1: ft' tpimov, turbines cib Africo). "The burden of the beasts in the south" is rendered rHiv TtrpairoC uiv twv iv ry ti>t}fi<i' (xxx, 6). At other limes the word is rendered by roroi; and Xi'i//, which latter is the llelleni/.e<l form of Libs, renins ex IJbi/a, the south-west wimi. and, by metonymy, the quarter whence it blows. In several instances the Hebrew word is simply [nit into (ireek letters, thus, ruv Isaysfi (Josh. .X. 40); Tt)i> yi'iv Noys/3, Alex. Tt)v tinysli, al. "Styifi (xi. K!) ; Noy^/i v. r. 'Ayi-ii (Oijad. 10, 20) ; and once, probably by a corruption, it is ripya/i (1 Sam. XX, 41 », V. r. viyi'il^, I'cys/^, tfyafi. The Vidg. renders the Word l»y "meridies," ''aiislralis (ilaga," "terra meri- diaiia," "austerab,\phrico." "terra au.stralis." More than once the .Sept. diflfers wiilely from the present Hebrew text; thus in Kzek. xxi, 4 (0] it renders "|1E:i "Ji^'a by iinit uTTtiXiwrov Itunj /So^i/ia ; Vulg. "ab austro uscpie ad aquilonem;" so also in Kxod. xxvi, 1« nsSJ rXS is rendered tt^oc ftoftftav ; Vulg. "ad austrum." It is also UHt'd ill the geographical sense in Numb. xxxiv,3 ; Josh. XV, 2; 1 Chron. ix, 24; 2 Chron. iv, 4 ; Ezek. xl, 2; xlvi,
9, etc. Hut a further an<l im|)ortant use of the word is a* the name or desiirnation of tint desert regions Iving at the soiilli of .ludiea, ci>ii><i>liiig of the deserts of Shur, /in. and I'araii, the inountainons country of Kdom or Idiimiea, and fiart of Arabia Tetra-a (conqi. Mai. i, 3; Shaw, Tniffh, p. 4'M}. Thus .\brahaiii, at his first en- trance into Canaan, is said to have "gone on towards the wiuth" ((kmi. xii, 0), .Sept. iv ry i()i]^i>i>, Aipiila vi/riii'o, Symmachus n't viiroi', and upon his return from ICu'ypi iniu Canann he is said to have gone "into the soulh" ixiii. 1 ); Sept. Kf Ti)v f'^jy/ioi' ; Vulg. "ad
australem plagam," though he was in fact then travel- ling northward. Ci>mp. ver. 3, "He went from the south tolkthel;" Sept. £('c "/'' ipi]H"V \ Vulg. "a me- ridie in liethcl." In this region the Amalckites are said to have dwelt, "in the land of the south," when Moses sent the spies to view the land of Canaan (Numb, xiii. 29), viz. the locality between Idumiea and Egypt, and to the east of the Dead Sea and Mount Seir. See A.MAi.iiKiTi;. The inhabitants of this region were in- cluded ill the conquests of Joshua (Josh, x, 40). When- ever the Sept. gives the Hebrew word in the Greek let- ters. \ayf|3, it always relates to this particular district. To the same region belongs the passage "Turn our captivity as the streams in the south" (Psa. cxxvi, 4) ; Sept. ioQ \fi^i(tf)()ovQ iv r<iJ 'Sortf), "as winter tornnis in the south" (Vulg. "sicut torreiis in Austro"), which suddenly lill the wadys or valleys during the season of rain (comp. Ezek. vi, 3; xxxiv, 13; xxxv, 8; xxxvi, 4,0). These are dry in summer (Job vi, 15-18). The Jews had, by their captivitj', left their country empty and desolate, but by their return would "How again into it." Through part of this sterile region the Israel- ites must repass in their vain application to Egypt (Isa. xxx, (!; comp. Dent, viii, 15). It is called the Wilderness of .luda-a (Matt, iii, 1; Josh, xv, 01 ; comp. Psa. Ixxv, 0, Ileb. or margin; see also Jer. xvii, 20; xxxii, 44; xxxiii, 14; Ezra xx, 40, 47; xxi, 4; comp, Obad. 19, 20 ; Zech. ix, 7), Through part of this re- gion lay the road from Jerusalem to Gaza, " which is desert" (Acts viii, 26). Thus, as Drusius observes, the word often means not the whole southern hemisphere of the earth, but a desert tract of land to the south of Jud.ea, Sometimes it is used in a relative sense; thus the cities of Judah are called "the cities of the south" (Jer. xiii, 19), relatively to Cbaldwa, expressed by "the north" (i, 14; comp. iv, 0; yi, 1). Jerusalem itself is called " the forest of the south field" or cotmtri/. like the Latin iiger (Ezek, xx, 40; comp. Gen, xiv, 7). See FoKEST. Egypt is also called " the south ;" thus, " the king of the south" (Dan. xi, 5) is Ptolemy Sotcr and his successors; comp, ver. 0, 9, 11, 15, 25, 29, 40, but in the last-named verse Mede understands the Saracens from Arabia Felix (]Vo7-ks, p, G74, 810). See South Country.