Bordering on the errors of soul-sleep and soul-death is the monstrous doctrine of a soul-migration, or metemp- sjjchosis (q. v.), accompanied by no recollections of any former state, inasmuch as it postulates a previous sleep, or even death (see Lange [J. P.], Positive Dofjmatik, p. 1258, etc.). This conception transcends the limits of Christian thought. Sleep and night, death and Sheol, are rest compared with such a migrator}' state. The theory, associated with that of pre-existence, occurs chietls', however, in Gnosticism and the Cabala.
In addition to works already mentioned, see Backer, AUttheihnigm cms Ldschei-''s Samml. ans d. llten v. XSten Jahrhiindert iib. d. Zusfatid d. Seelen nach d. Tode (1835, 1836), I, ii ; Frantz, Gebet fur d. Todten im Zusammen- hung mit Ciiltus u. Lehre (Nordh. 1857) ; Hahn, Lehre d. christl. Glaubens (1858), p. 20, 425 sq. ; Grischel, Lehre V. d. letzten Dingen (Berlin, 1850) ; Id. Der Mensch, nach Leib, Seek, ii. Geist (Leips. 185t)). — Herzog, Real-KncyH. s. V. See Intekmediate State; JlETEMrsYcno.sis.
Soule, George, a Congregational minister, was born at Willington, Conn., Oct. 12, 1823. He studied at Amherst College, and, completing the course, grachiated in 1847. Soon after he entered the East Windsor The- ological Seminary, Conn., where he remained two years,
and then went to the Union Theological Seminary, where he remained one year, and returned to the East Wind- sor Seminary, where he graduated in 1851, He was ordained Oct. 18, 1851, and became a stated supply of the Congregational Church at Ashford, Conn., where he remained two years; after which he supplied the pulpit of the church at Hampton, and was installed pastor in 1853, and continued in tliis relation, honored, beloved, and successful, until his death, Oct. 4, 1867. (W. P. S.)
Soule, Justus, a minister of the Methodist Epis- copal Church, was born in Columbia County, N. Y., Sept. 1, 1807. He was licensed to preach in 1835, and was ad- mitted into the Oneida Conference on trial in 1837. He received his ordination as deacon in 1839, and elder in 1841. He was transferred to the Peoria (afterwards the Central Illinois) Conference in 1856. He died while la- boring at Moline, Oct. 25, 1859. " He was a useful min- ister and a faithful pastor." See Minutes oj' Annual Conferences, 1800, p. 259.
Soule, Joshua, a bishop of the IMethodist Episco- pal Church, South, was born in Bristol, Hancock Co., Me., Aug. 1, 1781. He was converted in June, 1797, and began to travel in 1798 with Joshua Taylor, a pre- siding elder, and was admitted into the New Englan<l Conference the next year. In 1804 he was appointed presiding elder, and served as such (with one year's ex- ception) until 1816, when he was appointed book agent in New York. In 1820 he was stationed in New York city, spent the next two years in Baltimore, and in 1824 was elected to the episcopacy. When the Cliurch di- vided in 1845, he identified himself with the Southern section, continuing in the bishopric. He died near Nashville, Tenn., March 6, 1867. Mr. Soule was for four years (1816-19) editor of the Methodist Magazine, and in 1808 drew up the plan of a delegated General Confer- ence, which now appears in the Discipline. "In the pulpit he was slow, elaborate, almost entirely destitute of imagination or figurative illustrations, but strongly fortified in the main positions of his subject, and vigor- ous in style. His discourses showed more breadth than depth, but were often overwhelmingly impressive. See Stevens, Hist, of the M. E. Ch. iv, 44-49.
Souls, Cure of, the technical term by which the canon law describes the charge which is given to a pas- tor, no matter of Avhat degree of divinity, over the spir- itual concerns of a Hock; and the words especially im- ply the right of administering the sacraments. In this sense, the phrase is used to mark an important distinc- tion between twoclasses of benefices, or church-livings — " benefices with," and " benefices without," the cure of souls. Of the latter class are canonries, prebends, and the whole class known in the canon law as " simple benefices.'' Of the former are parochial cures, vicarial cures, and, still more, the higher charges of archbishop, bishop, etc. — Chambers's Encyclop. s. v.
Sound-holes, perforations in the wooden shutters of the belfry-windows in church-towers, for the emission of the sound of the bells. In early times they were sim- ply horizontal divisions obtained by the arrangement of the planks. Afterwards the perforations were ornamen- tal in character, shaped like a trefoil or quatrefoil, and harmonized with the character of the structure.
Sounding-board, a board or structure, canopy or tester, with a Hat surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the sound of the preacher's voice from ascend- ing, and thus sending it out farther in a horizontal di- rection.
Sourdis, Franpois d'Escoubleau, cardinal of was born in 1575 at Bordeaux, of a noble house, origi- nally from Poictou. In youth he accompanied the duke of Nevers to Rome in a military capacity, but suddenly entered holy orders under the good graces of Clement YIII, and was furnished with the rich deanery of Au- brac. By solicitation of Henry lY, he was made cardi- nal at the age of twenty-three (Jlarch 3, 1598) ; and
SOURDIS
894
SOUTH
was nominnted as archbishop of Bonloaiix in 1509. while vet a ik'atiin. He csiablishcd a j;riat luimlier of relig- ious houses ami a.-sisted at tlic elections of popes Leo XI ami I'aid V. lie eventually lieeanie embroiled with the civil iiiithorilies. and died I'Vb. M, 102(S. See lloefer, A'oi"'. /.'(■."/• (■"i>ntl>, s. V.