South Country (333, Neyeb, south, or, according to Buxtorf, Parkhurst, and Gesenius, arid or dry country). There was a certain tract of country or portion of Pales- tine which was variously designated as " the South," "the South Coimtry," or "the Land of the South." It was so called whether it lay to the south or to the north of the point from whence reference was made to it, i. e. by persons who stood to the south of it or were ap- proaching it from the south, as well as by those who lived to the north of it or were approaching it from the north. Thus Abraham, not only when he was journey- ing towards the south, as he proceeded southward from Bethel and from Hebron (Gen. xii, 9; xx, 1), but when he was travelling northward, is said to go into " the south:" "Abraham went up out of Egypt into the south," that is, into the South Country, or that part of the land of Canaan which was called " the south," and then "went on his journeys from the south," or South Country, "even to Bethel" (xiii, 1, 3). When Moses sent the spies from Kadesh to search the land, he said unto them, "Get you up this way southward ;" not to- wards the south, or that point of the compass, accord- ing to the obscure rendering of the English translation, which he could not mean when he was directing them northward, but, according to the Hebrew, into the Negeb, or the south, i. e. the South Country, or that part of the Land of Promise which was so called ; and then it is said that "they ascended by the south," that is, by or through the South Country, "and came into Hebron" (Numb, xiii, 17, 22). It was the abode of the iVmalek- ites at the time that the spies searched the land, for in their report they said, "The Araalekites dwell in the land of the south" (ver. 29), and when Israel came by the way of the spies, or the second time to Kadesh, king Arad, who had come out against them, is said to have dwelt in the south, i. e. in the South Country, when his seat lay at the time to their north (xxi, 1).
This district or tract of country was evidently the south partof JudiBa, or the southern portion of the Land of Promise. It is spoken of in Judg. i, 16 as " the wil- derness of Judah, south of Arad ;" and it is found to be, according to the meaning of the word wilderness, a hilly region, a strip of hilly country, running from tlie Dead Sea westward across the land of Palestine, or somewhat obliquely to the south-west, rising abruptly in grand precipices from the shore of the Dead Sea ; next forming a high and extensive elevated plateau, intersected to- wards the west by one or two ranges of mountains; and finally sloping westward or sinking gradually into the land of Gerar, or the great plain south and south-east of Gaza. It constituted in general the portion of Judah (q. V.) that was set off to the tribe of Simeon (([. v.), and its boundaries (which have been inordinately extended by some, e.g. Wilton, The Ner/eb [Lond. 1863]) are to be defined by the cities specified in Josh, xv, 21-32; xix, 1-6. See Topographical Terms.
South End, the end of an altar on the south or epistle side ; that is, on the right-hand side of a person looking eastward towards it. See South Side.
South, Queen of the. See Sheba.
South Ra'moth (1 Sam. xxx, 27). See PtAMOTH- negeb.
South, Robert, D.D., an English clergyman, was born at Hackney, INliddlesex, in 1633, and became a kinc-'s scholar at Westminster at the age of fourteen.
Tribute from the South to the Kings of Egypt.
SOUTH SIDE
896
SOUTHCOTTIANS
In lC5t he was atlmitted a student of Christ Church. Oxford, untkr the care of his rilative Dr. John .Smith. In 1C.'k> and ItioT successively he tc«)k his degrees of A.Il. and A.M. Mr. Smith was privately ordained in U\bX hv on<- of the deprived hisliops. At the restoration of Cliarles n. the opportunity was attorded him of show- ing Ids peculi.ir eloipience. In August. ItitJO, he was chosen piddic orator in Ids university, and presently af- ter preached hefore the king's commissioners. Claren- don apfx'inted him, without delay, his domestic chap- lain. On tlie disgrace of that minister he was nomi- nated to the .same othce in the family of tlie duke of York: the king, in the meantime, placing him on the list of royal chaplains. lie was installed jirebendary of Westminster in March, Uithi, and on Oct. 1 following was atlmitted to the degree of D.D. Afterwards he had a sinecure in Wales hestowed upon him by his pa- tron, the earl of Clarendon, and in 1()7() was installed canon of Christ Church. In 107(5 he attended, as chap- lain. Laurence I lyde, ambassador extraordinary to the king of i'oland. Upon his return he was presented, in lliTX. by the dean and chapter of Westminster to the pleasant rectory of Islip, near Oxford. To this Church he became a considerable benefactor — rebinlding the chancel in lt>>«i. allowing ilUHl a year to his curate, and 8|icnding the rest in educating the poorer children of the parish. After the luvoluijon. South took the oath of allegiance to the new king and (pieen, and is said to have decline<l the offer of a great dignity vacated by one who refused the oaths. It was at this time that he be- came engaged in the violent controversy with Dr. Sher- lock, dean of St. I'aul's. Sherlock's I'imUciitiiin of the JiDctiiiii- of ill f Trinity appeared in 1(590, and was an- swered bv .South in his AiiiiiKiilrci.tiim.i. Sherlock re- plied in WM in a JJefi-ncf, which was replied to by South in Tril/ii-tJini, etc. This was a sharp contest, and men of great note espoused the cause of each. During the greatest part of (pieen Amie's reign, South was a severe sufferer from illness; and lie did little as minister, save atteniiing divine service at Westminster Abliey. He was offered the l/ishopric of Hocliester with the deanery of Westminster; but declined to leave his private sta- tion. He died July 8, ITItJ, and was buried in West- minster Abbey. Dr. .South was a man of uncommon abilities and attainments; of ju<lgment, wit, and learn- ing. His wit was his bane, for he could not repress it, even on the most solemn occasions. His works are, Miifirii Jiiriiiitiiiif. sice Poeiiid K.rperimens Musicie Vires, etc. ( 1<5.">.'» ; l()(i7, 4to) : — A iiimddrer.iions upon Dr. Sker- liick'n Jioiik entitled A Vindiciilion of the Holy and Ever- bleMtd Trinity (IfilO): — Trilheium C/iorf/ed upon Dr. Shtrlork's Se^c Sotion of the Trinity (1(505). He pid)- li»hetl a numU-r of his Sermons singly, and a collective e<lition (ICW, (5 vols. 8vo; other editions in 1(597, 1704, 17ir,, 17--'-_'. 17-.'7). To these were added (1711) 5 vols. 8vo. These eleven volumes were repuldisbed at Ox- ford (IX'JU. 7 vols. 8vo). They have been reprinted in i'hiladclphia (4 vols, in 2 vols. «vo), in New York (4 vols. 8vo), and by Hurd and Iloiightoii ( 1K(S7, ."> vols. 8vo). See Cnttermole. I.ileroture of the Church of Kmjliind, ii, 44'2-'H'>.'} ; Chalmers, /y/w/. liict. s, v. ; -Vlliixjne, Diet, if Uri/. and .4 «/<•/•. .4 uthors, 8. v.