2. Dli'n. darom, which, according to Gesenius, is a word of uncertain derivation. It is in the Sept. ren- dered by \ii\i, Dent, xxxiii, 23; by 7'(')roc, Eccles. i, 0; XI. 3; Ezek. xl, 24. 27, 28, 44, 45;" xii, 11 ; and by S«- XrtiTfTa, Ezek. xiii, 18; Vulg. "meridies," "auster," "au- stralis." " ventus australis," This word as a proper name is usually understood to be applied to the southernmost part of Juda-a in Job xxxvii, 17; Eccles, i, 0, Ezek. xxi, 2 ; xl, 24. Hence the name of " Daroma" is given by Eusebius and Jerome to the region which they de- scribe as extending about twenty miles from Eleuther- opolis on the way towards Arabia Petra^a, and from east to west as far as from the Dead Sea to Gerara and IJeer- slieba. A little to the south of (Jaza there is now a spot called I5ab ed-Daron, a name probably derived from the fortress l);iron, celebrnied in the time of the Crusades. That fortress was built on the ruins of a (ireek convent of the same name, which, being traced so far back, may well be identilicd with Darom as the ancient name of this territory. In Dent, xxxiii, 23 the Hebrew word is apjilied to the sunny southern slope of Naphtali to- wards the Lake Huleh. See DAitOM.
3. "i^'^ri, 'fei/niun, find its adverb tlD'Cri, strictly what lies to the i-iijlil ■ Sept, j/i'iror, X(>^ ; and sometimes the word is simply put into Greek letters; thus, (^ai/iar (Hah. iii, 3). Indeed, all tlie three jireccding words are so ren- dered ( Ezek. xx, 40 [xxi,2 |),Vif ar^pojTToii, (Tr//|rj(aoi' to TrpiKTwTroi' (TOW in't Baifiav, koi iiTi^i\f\l/ov tni fapo/i, Kdi TTfWfpijTfVfTov tirl Cpiiftiiv //yoT'/if I'oi' vayifi. where perhaps the vocabulary of the translator did not .•ilT'ord him sufficient variety. The Vulg. here gives " viam austri," "ail aphricum," "ad saltum agri mcridiani,"
SOUTH
895
SOUTH
and elsewhere renders the Hebrew word by "meridi- ana plaga," "ad meridiem." It occurs in Exod.xxvi,35; Numb, ii, 10; iii, 29; x, 6; Job ix, 9; xxxix, 26; I'sa. Ixxviii, 26; Cant, iv, 16; Isa. xliii, 6; Hab. iii, 3; Zech. ix, 14; xiv, 4. In Zech. vi, 6 it denotes Egypt. It is poetically used for the south wind, like Sliakspeare's "sweet south;" Psa. Ixxvii, 26, voro); ajriciim, and Cant, iv, 16, vure ; lor the explanation of the latter see NoKTH. Observe that n3"2"'ri and 333 are interchanged in Exod. xxvi, 18 ; xxxvi, 23 ; Ezek. xlvii, 1. See Te-
JMAN.
4. "i^^"^, yamin, also meaning the riijht side and south. Thus, Psa. Ixxxix, 12, "Thou hast made the north and the south ;" Sept. SraXaaaa ; Vulg. mure. The word is evidently here used in its widest sense, comprehending not only all the countries lying south, but also the In- dian Ocean, etc., the whole hemisphere. Aquila has Boppdv Km Ct^uh' ; Theodotion, Boppdv Kai Noroj'. In some passages where our translation renders the word 7-{'jhf, the meaning would have been clearer had it ren- dered it south (1 Sam. xxiii, 19, 24; 2 Sam. xxiv, 5; Job xxiii, 9).
5. "nn, cheJer, " Out of the south cometh the whirl- wind" (Job xxxvii, 9), literally "chamber" or "store- house," Ik Tctfinnov. itb interioribus. The full phrase oc- curs in ix, 9, "I'^n ^^"IH, rajxtla v(')Tov, interiora austri, the remotest south; perhaps in both these passages the word means the chambers or storehouses of the south wind.
G. "S'I'O, midhar, " Promotion cometh not from the south" (Psa. Ixxv, 6), literally " wilderness," aTro ipt)- f.iov, desertis montibus. See Deskrt.
7. el's, indyim, water, "And gathered them out of the sands, and from the south" (Psa. cvii, 3), Sia\anaa, mare; where Gesenius contends that it ought to be translated "west," though it stands opposed to "lEiJ. as it is indeed so translated under exactly the same cir- cumstances in Isa. xlix, 12. He refers to Deut. xxxiii, 23, and Amos viii, 12. It is also thus rendered in our version of the first of these references, and on the latter we can only refer to archbishop Newcome's Version of the Minor Prophets (Pontefract, 1809), p. 51, 52.
In the New Test, we have votoq in the geographical sense, jiaaiXiaaa votov, regina austri, Matt, xii, 42 [see Sheba] and Luke xiii, 29; Kev. xxi, 13. The Word ^iEni]iijipia is also translated "south" in Acts viii, 26, KuTci fie(Ti]fil3piav, contra meridianum. It is used in the same sense by Josephus (^Ant. iv, 5, 2). In Sym- machus ( 1 Sam. xx, 41 ) for "3D. Hesychius defines Meffrnijipia' ra rov Norow fie/jri Kai to Tt}Q ij^ifpag fiiaoi'. The south-west \i\p occurs in Paul's dangerous voyage (Acts xxvii, 12) ; "a haven of Crete," /3Xe7roi'ro Kara XijSa, respicientem ad afriaim, by metonymy the wind for the quarter whence it blows. The south wind is mentioned ver. 13, votoq, auster, and xxviii. 13. — Kitto. See Wind.
Egypt and Arabia lay south in respect of Canaan, and were therefore frequently mentioned by that designa- tion. But from the Egyptians they may have learned the existence of nations living still farther to the south- ward, for representations of victories over the negroes, and of negro captives, are not uncommon on the tombs in the valley of the Nile. One which is here copied represents the triumph of one of the Pharaohs over a negro chief, proba- bly designed to be the type of his nation. It is evident that the fig- ure exhibits the usiud characteristics of the negro features as strongly as they are found at the present day. See Etiiioi-ia.