V. The authorities to which the general reader is referred on matters relating to the history, etc., of Spain are very numerous. Among English and American writers are Ciibbon, Robertson, Hallam, Prescott, Irving, and Ticknor, whose Spanish Literature (N. Y. 1854) holds a place acknowledged even by Spanish writers to be second to the production of no other author. Sketches of the history of the introduction and progress of Christianity in Spain may be found in all ecclesias- tical historians. Likewise all writers of French and English histories treat largely of matters connected with Spanish history, because of the intimate connec- tion which these tliree countries have sustained to each other. The article in the Encycldpcedid Britumiica gives a good account of the history of Spain. See also the following: Hurtado de Mendoza, Uuerra de Gra- nada, que hizo el Ret I). Felipe II contra Ids Moriscus de aqnel Reino sus Rebeldos (Valencia, 1776, sm. 4to, new ed.); History of Spain, from the Establishment of the Colontj if Gades by the Phaniiians to the Death of Ferdinand, surnumed the Sar/e, hy the A uthor of the His- tory of France (Loud. 1793), vol. i-iii, map; Beawes, Cicil, Commercial, Political, and Literary History of Spain and Portuyid (ibid. 1793, 2 vols, fol.) ; Murphy, The History of the Mohammedan Empire in Spain, con- taininr/ a General History of the A rahs, their Institu- tions, Conquests, lAterature, Arts, Sciences, and Man- ners, to the Expulsion of the Afoors, designed as an Intro- duction to the A 7-abian Antiquities <f Spain; Pf>wer, The Histo)-y of the Empire of the Mussulmans in Spain and Portuyal.from the First Invasion of the Moors to their Ultimate Expulsion from the Peninsula (Loud. 1815, 8vo); Dunham, History of Spain and Portur/al (ibid. 1832-33, 5 vols. 12mo), Viardot, Essai sur rilistoire des Arabes et des Mores d'' Espaf/ne (Paris, 1833-84, 3 vols. 8vo); Mahon [Lord], History of the War of the Succession in Spain (2d ed. Lond. 1836) ; Ahmed Ben Jusof Teifacite, The History of the Mohammedan Dy- nasty in Spain, transl. by Pascal de Gayangos (ibid. 1840. 4 vols. 4to) ; Londonderry [Marquis of], Story of Ihe Peninsular War (new ed. revise<i. with considerable additions, N. Y. 1848, 12mo); Southey, The Chronicle of the Cid, from the Spanish (Lond. 1846, 8 vo); Ferreras, Histoire Generale d'Espayne, transl. from the Spanish bv jNI. d'Hermillv (Amsterdam, 1851, 10 vols. 4to). (J. C. S.)
Spain, IIautwell, a m:nistcr of the Methodist
SPALATIX
904
SPALDING
Episcopal Church, South, was bom in Wake County. N.C Ktl). It', IT'A'i. He was coiivcrtcd in Aiifjiist, IHIO, lict'iiM-<l to prwioh in Novt-nilKT, IHli'i, and aiiniittcd into tlie South ('arolina ConfiR'iicc in Deci'niher. In 1821 he waji niaile a superannuate, loeatinj^ tlic follow- ing vear. In 1K"-'M he was readmitted; in 1837 was a>;ain superannuated ; in 1K58 was made presiding elder of the Colunihia District ; in 1844 was superainniated, and continued in this relation during his life. lie was a delegate to the (Jeneral Conference of 18:5-2, and re- serve in 18.i8, 184(t. anil 184'.t. He died. March !>. I8G8, in Ciarenilon. S. C. See M iniittg of A iiiiiutl CoiiJ'trencts oj't/ie .»/. A". Ch., South, 18(;8, p. -JTi.
Spalatin, tinom:, the friend of Luther and chap- lain of the elector Frederick the Wise of Saxony, a leading Keformer and Judicious superintendent of the churches, was horn A.I). 1484 at Spalt, in tlie diocese of Kichstiidt, whence was derived the name Spalatin, his real name heing liurkhdnit. He attained his bac- calaureate at Krfurt in loOO. and from 1501 was a fel- low-student with Luther. In 15(12 he was made master at Wittenberg, but st)on returned to Krfurt, where he became tutor (_1.')05) in a patrician family, and tirst learned to know the IJiblc. a copy of which he pur- chased at great cost. He was ordaine<i priest in 1.507, and stationed in the parish of Hohenkirchcn, near (jo- tha; and a year later was called to assume, in addition to his parf>chial duties, the functions of teacher in the neighboring convent of (ieorgenthal. His reputation hail, however, already extended l)eyond the narrow lim- its of the field of labor to which he was assigned; and he was called to the electoral court in 1509 to assume charge of the education of the yomig crown-prince, .John Frederick. Two years later he exchanged his place at court for the post of tutor to Otto and Ernest of Bruns- wick-LUneburg, the elector's nephews, who were then students at Wittenberg; and at the same time he was apiHjinted by his patron canon of St. George's in Alten- burg. P'rom this jieriod dates the intimate friendship between Luther and Spalatin and between Sjialatin and other Reformers, e. g. Melancthon, Justus .lonas. Link, Bugenhagen, .\msdorf, etc. His relations with the elec- tor likewise became more intimate, so that his advice and assistance were sought when the latter founded the Church of All-.Saints at Wittenberg, and the university library (^1512). and he was made librarian. In 1514 .Spalatin was ap|Hiinted chaplain and private secretary to the elr-ctor, and immediately became one of the most influential personages of the electoral court. He placed hims<-lf ami his inliuence inireservedly at the service of the Hefonnation,and became the medium through which Luther was wont to intluence the elector. Home recog- nised his power, and every imjiortant measure of the lime showed traces of his shaping hand. He has been charged with liiniility and an excessive fondness for |K'ace; but all his actions show that he was possessed of a noble and upright character, and governed wholly by iiiHexible and fervent religious principle. lioth as a man of affairs and as a literary character he estaldished for himwif an uneipiivocal reputation among his con- tcm|Mirari<'s. In the fornur capacity he accompanied •''•< pnT' > the Hi.i of Augsburg in 1518. t„ the elec- tion <if emperor in 15l!», the coronation of Charles V in 1.520, the Diet of Worms in 1,521, the Diet of N'urem- Ix-rg in 1,52:1 and 1,')24, conducting the electoral corre- B|M.ndenre and participating in the progress of events