Spangler, Isaac, a minister of the JNIethodist Epis- copal Cliurch, South, was for many years a member of the Virginia Conference of the Methodist Protestant Church. In 1854 he was transferred to its Alaltama Conference, and after serving that charge he was en- gaged in secular pursuits until 18()9. In that year he was received 1)V the IMontgomcry Conference into the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, and appointed Sunday-school agent. He afterwards became pas- tor, but in 1873 became superamniatcd, and died in Tuskegee, Ala., April 23, 1874. See Minutes of An- nual Conferences of the M. E. Church, South, 1874, p. 44.
Spauheim, Hzekiel, a diplomatist and philolo- gist, ratber than clergyman and theologian, was born at (ieneva in 1029. At the age of sixteen he defend- ed Theses contra Ludoricum Capellum pro Antiquitate //(-braid I rum ( T.ugd. Hat. 1045). A response by Bo- chart called forth his /lialriba de J.inijua et J.iteris //e- brnorum (1048). In 1050 the government of (ieneva
also contributed to German hymnology. Thus he wrote the bi'auiiful hvinn Die Kirc/ie Chrisli, die Kr (jeweiht (Eng. trausl. in I.yra Germ, ii, 87, "The Church of Chrrsi that he hath hallow'd here") : — //< ////f Finfalt, Gnnde-nirunder (Kng. transl. in iMoravian Hymn-book, No. .504. •• When sini|)licity we cherish"). See Zuchold, Jiib/. Thei'l. ii. 1234; Theol. Vuirersal-I.erilcon, s. v.; Koch. Gtsch. d. dtutschen Kirc/ieniiedes. v, 337 sq.: Led- derhose. /'as Lelteii Spaugenberf/s (Heidelberg, 1840); Xitzsfli, .Spam/eiiben/'s hior/raphie. in Piper's Evantjel. Knieiider, 1855, p. 197-208 ; Thilo, Cithara Lul/ieri (Berlin. 1855). (B. P.)
Spangenberg, Cyriacus, a German theologian in nputi- during ilie second half of the 10th century, was born .lune 17, 152>^, at Xonlhausen, where his la- ther was then a resident pastor. He entered the Uni- versity of Wittenberg with a thorough preparation as respects the ancient languages, dialectics, and rhetoric at the early age of fourteen, and graduated with honor in 1546. His father had, in the meantime, removed to Eisleben, where he filled the positions of pastor and general superintendent of the county of IMansfeld, and Cvriacus was, through his influence, immediately ap- pointed teacher, ^\■llen but twenty-two years of age (in l.'wO I he lK>came the successor in the pastorate of his HOW deceased father, and was soon afterwards chosen bv the counts of Mansfehl to be the town and court preacher as well as general dean of the county. While diligently employed in liis ministerial work his zeal for a pure Lutheran orthodoxy involved liim in controver- sies whicii, in the end, wholly destroyed his earthly comfort. He took an active part so early as 1556 in the discussions of the Synod of Eisenach, at which the doctrine of George Major (q. v.) that good works are necessary to salvation was debated, violently opposing that ojiinion. Graver consequences for him were in- volved in the controversy respecting original sin which broke out in 1557 between Victorin Strigel, who taught the co-operation of the human will with divine grace in the work of conversion in a manner which contra- dicted Luther's doctrine of man's natural inability, and
Matthias Flacius, who, as leader of the strict Lutherans,
taught that the natural man cannot co-operate with
(iod, but only resist his saving grace. Spangenberg
8npiM)rted the latter view; but, as the Mansfeld clergy
generally were of like opinion with himself, his position
was pleasant and his opportunities for successful work
large and fre(|uent. Hepeated publications extended
his reputation beyond the limits of his native country
anci brought him calls to positions in various important
cities, which he declined, with the exception of an in- vitation to Antwerp, whither he went in October, 15()(),
to as.«i>t in establi^lling a Lutlieran organization among
its churclies. Tlie Flacian controversy, however, de-
Jitn)yed tlie organization thus effected, and caused a
part of the Lutheran communily of Antwerp to emi- grate, in l.X,'), to Frankfort-on-the-Main. Soon after
Spangenliergs return (.lanuary. 1,567) to Mansfeld the
controversy broke out afresh. The occasion was given
by llie publication of a learned treatise on original sin
by Wigand, professor of theology at .Jena, in which he
opjMiKed the ideas of Flacius. A second work by the
name author condemned, in ifa preface, the adherents ■ offered him the chair of philosophy, but he preferred
of FlaciiiH, and .Spangenberg in particular, as heretical Mnnicliieans. .Spangenlterg replied vigorously, assert- iiii: the strict Lutheranism, rather than Manichieanism, of the I'lacian dmlriiu'. and forbade his subordinate, Krhger, who liad ventured to [ireach against his view, to iK'ciipy the pulpit. A colioipiy was held during two linvH ill .Inly, 1572, by order of the counts of .Mansfeld, who desired lo reconcile the parlies, but wilhoiit ell'ect. Thr- iriMilile grew to such dimensions that the ruling family was divided by it and the cominon iieojile were torn iiili. fa.tic.iis. The elector of Saxony, as feudal lonl i/l I hi' luiiniy, finally occu[iied the town and castle
that of elocution, which was accordingly given him in 1651. He had probably been consecrated priest at Ley- den, where he was a student; but his tlieological pro- ductions are only two discourses in Latin and French (Geneva. 1055; Berlin, 1(>95): — a lengthy notice of liichard Simon's //i.it. Critique du Vet. Test. (Paris, 1078) as an appendix to that work (IJotterdam, 1085): — and notes and a chronology to .losephus, Havercanijj's ed. (Amsterdam and I^eyden, 1720). Spanlieim's political life began in 1052, when he became a member of the (Ircat Council. Soon afterwards he became tutor to the son of the elector-iialatine Charles Louis, and em-