Spanish Version. See Romanic Versions.
Spariantis, in Grecian mythology, was a daugh- ter of the Spartan Hyacinthus, who was sacrificed in Athens at the grave of the Cyclop Gyraestus (ApoUod. iii, 15, 8).
Spark (liT'S, kidod, so called from being stmck off; yi:i'^3, nitsots, so called from shining, Isa. i, 31 ; 3"'3d, shabih, flame, Job xviii, 5; rip'^t, zikoth, burn- ing arrows, Isa. 1. 11; elsewhere vl'ir'n""j3, ben-resheph, a son of flame, Job v, 7).
Spark, Thomas, an English clergyman, was the son of Archibald Spark, minister of Northrop, in Flint- shire, and was born in 1()55. He was educated at West- minster School and Clirist Church, Oxford, which he entered in 1()72. After his ordination he was appointed chaplain to Sir George Jeffreys. At his death. Sept. 7, 1()92, he was rector of Ewehurst, in Surrej-, to whicli he had been insliuited in 16S7 ; of Norton (or Hogsnorton),
SPAKKE
908
SPARROW
inLeiccstcrsliirc; a prebciularyofLichfielil and of Roch- ester, and a D.D. lie published a f;ood edition ui'Lac- tutitii /■'iniiidiii Optra qiitf Exluiit, ad Fidtm MSS. R(Ct>ijiiita,tt CommeiitanU lllnstrata (Oxon. 1G84, 8vo) :
and .^■«^r ill Libros Sex A'ocir //i.itdiiw Zozimi Comi-
tU (iliid. lOTll, Xvo). They were translated by another fierson into linglisli in 1G84. See Chalmers, Biui;. liicl. s. V.
Sparke, Thomas, a Puritan divine, was born at Soutli Soniercote, Lincolnshire, England, in 1548. Of liis earlv education we have no account until be became fillow of Magdalen College, Oxford, ill 1570, in which year he was a<iniitted bachelor of arts. Soon after he was presented by Arthur lord (irey to the parsonage of Hletchley. in Huckinghamsliire. He was chaplain to Cooper, bishoj) of Lincoln, from whom he received in 1575 the archdeaconry of Stowe. In 1581 he took his divinity degrees, and in 1582, finding that he could not attend to his archdeaconry because of its distance from liis cure, he resigned it, but in September of the same year he was installed prebendary of Sutton-in- the-Marsh in the Churcli of Lincoln. In 1603 he rep- resented the I'nritans in the conference at Hampton Court, having also been one of their champions at Lam- beth in 1584. The issue of the Hampton Court Con- ference was that he inclined to conformity. He died at Bletchley, Oct. 8, 1(516. Wood says he "was a learned man, a solid divine, well read in the fathers, and so much esteemed for his i)rofoLnulness, gravity, and exemplary life and conversation that the sages of the university thought it lit after his death to have his picture painted on tiie wall in the School tjallerj' among the English divines of note there." His works are, A Brothtily Persuasion to Unily and Uniformiti/ in Judg- ment and Practice, etc. (Lond. 1607, 4to): — A Comfort- able Treatise for a Troubled Conscience (ibid. 1580, 8vo) : — Brii-f CatechifiH (Oxon. 1588, 4to) : — Answer to Mr. Jii/in (/'.I Ibiiw's Notable Discourse against Heresies (ibid. 15;tl. 4io) -.— The Highwiiij to Heaven (Lond. 1597, 8vo), a treatise on John i, 37-39: — Funeral Sermon on the earl of Uedford and another on lord Grey. See Chal- mers, liiiig. hirt. s. V.
Sparks, Giles B., a minister of the Methodist E(>iscopal Church. .Soutli, was born in Georgia in 1815, and professed religion in liis fourteenth year. He was educated at Lagrange and Covington, Ga. ; taught a classical school at ( )ak Howery and Tuskegee, Ala. ; was admitted on trial in the Alabama Conference in 1844, and apjiointed to the KranUlin Street Church, Mobile, Ala. In I«45 he was called to Columbus, Miss., in 1846 to Wetunipka. and in l«47-48 to Tuscaloosa, where he died .Sept. 26. 184S. Mr. .Sparks was characterized by his gentleness, great pathos, and peculiarly persuasive manner. He was eminent as a ISiblieal student, ami as a pastor liad few superiors. See Minutes of An- nual Conftrences of the M. K Church, South, 1845-53, p. 206.
Sparks, J. O. A., a minister of the Methodist Epis- copiil ( iiiin h, S)uih, was Ixirn about 1842. He was ad- niitlfil on trial into the Florida Conference in 1H64, and onlaincil deacon in 1«(;6. He died of yellow fever, M.ay 18, lHt>9. See Minutes of Annual Conferences of the M. E. Church, South, 1869, p. 328.
Sparrcw ("I'ES, tsippnr; Sept. "ip%'io\>, bpviciov, TO TTfTni'i'iv, TTfiov^ioi' ; -^ipapoi; in Neh. v, 18, where was probably read I^CS ; Vidg. aiis, rolucris, jxisser). 'I'he above Hebrew word occurs upwards of forty times in the ( )l(| Test. In most cases it refers inditterentiv to any kind of Idrd, as is clear, especially from its use in Gen. vil, 14; Deut. iv. 17. In all passages excepting two Inppnr is nndcri'd l)y the A. V. indilTvrently " bird" or "f.iwl." Ill I'sa. Ixxxiv, 3 nnil cii. 7 the A. V. ren- ders it " uparrow." The < Jreek irrfwv^iov (A. V. " spar- row") (wcurs twice in the New Test. (Matt, x, 29; Luke XII, 6, ~), whtre the Viilg. hn>t jiasseres, Tsippor, from
a root (*S1£) signifying to chii-p or twitter, appears to be a phonetic representation of the call note of any pas- serine bird (comp. the Arabic 'asfur, "a sparrow"). .Similarly the modern Arabs use the term zaush for all small birds which chirp, and zerzur not only for the starling, but for any other bird with a harsh, shrill twitter, both these being evidently phonetic names. Tsippor is therefore exactly translated by the Sejit. arpovSriov, explained by Moschopnhis ra piKpd tut opviBiot', although it may sometimes have been used in a more restricted sense (see Athen. L)eipn. ix, 391, where two kinds of orpoii.^ia in the more restricted significa- tion are noted), but in general both terms properly des- ignate any small bird (Gen. xv, 10; Lev. xiv, 4, 53, niarg.; Isa. xxxi,.5; Matt, x, 29, 31; Luke xii, 6, 7). The Hebrew name evidently included all the small birds denominated "clean," or those that might be eaten without violating the precepts of the law, includ- ing many insectivorous and frugivorous species, as all the thrushes, the starlings, the larks, the finches, and some others (Deut. iv, 17; Job xli, 5; Psa. viii, 8; xi, 1; civ, 17; Prov. xxvi, 2; xxvii, 8). Accordingly we treat in this article somewhat extensively the or- nithological features and customs of Palestine. See