Stubbs, Aaron J., a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, was born in Butler Countj', O., March 13, 1H30, and was converted and joined the Church in 1849. He was admitted on trial into the Central Ohio Conference in September, 1857. In April, 1«(J4, he was elected chaplain of the 32d Regiment of Ohio Volunteers. He lost his health while in the army, was superannuated at the Conference of 18G4, and setiled at Patterson, Hardin Co., O., where he died, June 14, IJStJo. His labors were very acceptable and use- ful. See Minutes of A nnual Conferences, 18G5, p. 142.
Studdiford, Peter, a (Dutch) Reformed minister, was l)(irii ill New York city in 17t)3, graduated from Co- lumliia College in ITSG, and studied theology with Dr. John H. Livingston. He was licensed by tlie Synod of the Reformed Dutch Church in 1787, and settled that year at Readington, N. J., having Bedminster as an as- sociate Church until 1800, and then ministered at Read- ington alone until his death, Nov. 30, 182C). In 1812 he was ap|ii)inled professor of Hebrew by the General Synod. His record is that of a man of large views, much learn- ing, and intense devotion to his ministerial work. He had a great re|)utation as an extemporaneous preacher, Sometimes transcending himself when called upon in an emergency, and always on these occasions speaking with elaborate finish and great force. He was noted as a pa- triotic citizen, a faithfid jiasior, and a Christian of deep personal pietv and of catholic sentiments. See Corwin, ,)f,noi<i/ .;/• /iw j;,f. Church, p. 229. (\V. J. R. T.)
Studdiford, Peter O., D.D., a Presbyterian divine. Win r»f tlie preceding, was born at Readington, N. J., Jan. II, 171(9. He early made a profession of religion, IMirsued his preparatory studies at the Academy at Bask- ingriilge, N. J., and sul)se<)uently at S<imerville. In 18U; he graihiatecl with the highest honor at Rutgers CIol- lege, New BruiiKwick, was occupied tliree years in teach- ing, and graduated at the Theological Seminary at Princeton in 1X21. He was licensed by the New Bruns- wick I'reMbytery April 27, 1819, ordained as an evangel- ist by the same iiresbytery Nov. 28, 1«2I, and on Dec. 2, 1821, commenced his labors at Laiubertville, N. J.,
alternating for one year with the Solebury Church in Pennsylvania. In June, 1825, he was installed pastor of the Lambertville and Solebury churches, which re- lation existed inost happily tor a period of forty -five years. He died June 5, 18(>fi. Dr. Studdiford was a sound and able theologian, a judicious and most instruc- tive preacher, and admirably fitted and successful as an educator. See Wilson, Presb. Hist, A Imanac, 1867, p. 204. (J. L. S.)
Studenz, in Slavic mythology, is the lake in the gloofny recesses of the mighty beech-wood on the island of Riigen, whose waters were used to wash the wheels of the wagon in which the goddess Nerthus had passed through the island. The slaves who performed that labor were immediately drowned. The lake swarmed with fishes, but none were allowed to be taken from it because the}' belonged to the goddess. Even to ap- proach the lake was a capital offence. — Vollmer, Wor- terb. d. Mythol, s. v.
Studies OF the Clergy. In the early Church, the clergy were obliged to lead studious lives, and no pleas were allowed as just apologies for the contrary. Their chief studies were to be the Holy Scriptures, to which special attention was demanded, and the ap- proved writers and canons of the Church. Other books were to be sparingly and cautiously used. Heretical works were to be read only upon necessity to confute them or caution others against them. Beyond this, there was no obligation on them to read human learn- ing, nor was there an absolute prohibition of it. Where such study could be made to minister to divinity, it was not only allowed, but encouraged, and the study of such learning rightly applied did very great service to relig- ion in the primitive ages of the Church. See Bing- ham, Christ, Antiq. bk. vi, ch. iii, § 1 sq.
Studitae, a name given to a branch of the Acceme- T^ (q. V. ). One Studius, a nobleman of Rome, re- nounced the world, and became one of their order, erecting a large monastery for himself, which was called Studium, and the monks Sludifw. In a short time they lost their credit by joining the Nestorians.
Studites, Simeon, is said to have been a monk in the famous monastery of Studium in Constantinople (see Miiller, Stud, Ccenob. Constant, ex Jlonum. Byzant, Jllustratum Diss. [Lips. 1721]), and is credited with the composition of a series of hymns of praise (see Allatius, De Sym, Sc?-ipfis Diatriba [Par. 1G64], p. 23).
Another Simeon Studites is mentioned in Allatius, loc, cit. p. 152, as a theologian, homilist, and hymnog- rapher. See Fabricii Biblioth. Grceca, curante Gottl. Christoph. Harles. (Hamb. 1808), xi, 302-519.— Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v.
Studites, Theodore, a violent opponent of the iconoclasts in the early Church, was born in Constanti- nople, A.D. 759, entered the Convent of Studium in 781, and was made its abljot, or archimandrite, in 794. He soon came into conflict with the emperor Constantine Copronymus — a violent iconoclast, who had separated from his consort and was about to marry Theodora — and denoimced the ban against him, besides severing his re- lations with the patriarch Tarasius, because the latter would not proceed energetically against the emperor, t'onstantine thereupon banished him to Thessalonica. When image-worship was restored, Theodore was recall- ed and received into favor; but he became involved in fresh troubles, this time with the emperor Nicephorns, who caused him to be imprisoned and transported to an island near Constantinople, where he remained initil reinstated in his office by Michael Rhangave. When Leo the Armenian renewed the attack on image-wor- ship (>*13), .Studites at once rose against him with his accustomed zeal ; the emperor caused him to be warn- ed, but without residt, and then called a synod at Con- stantinople which |)rohibited iconolatry (815), after which he took energetic measures for its repression.