lAteralnre. — Schelling, Philosophie d. Mi/thohinie ; id. Philosopliie d.OJmbarung ; Fischer, Die Idee d. dottheit ( Stuttg. 18o9), and the Enci/Mop. mentioned above; \\"in\\, J He Spekid. Idee Gottes,eU: (Stuttg. 184.5): Cbaly- breus, Si/stemd. Wisaenschaflslehre (Kiel, 184(5) ; .Scliwarz, Weiterbildinig d. T/ieismiis, in Zeitsrhr. f. P/iil<i.<njdiie (Halle, 1 847)," vol. xviii : id. Goft, \atitr n. .Vensc/i ( 1 1 ;i in >v. 1857); A'on Schaden, Gcgensatz d. tlieist. ii. pantheist. Standpiinkts (Erlangen, 1848) ; Mayer, Tln-isnnts v. J'un- theismns (Freiburg, 1849); Hchenaeh, Metaphi/sik (Inn- spruck, 185(>) : Eckart. Thevstisrhe Begrundung d. Aestlie- tik (Jena, 1857); Hoffmann, 7'Aew«m« u. P<mtheisnius (Wiirzburg, 18til); Uliici, Gott u. die Ncitur (Leips. 1861) ; Bowne, Studies in Theism (N. Y. 1879).— Herzog, Real-Encgklop. s. v.
Thela'sar (2 Kings xix, 12). See Ticl-assar,
Tlieler'sas (OfXfp(7"C ^'- »"• (?£X(t«c)i a Greek form (1 Esdr. V, 3(!) of the name Hebraized (Ezra ii,59) Ti£i>-
IIA15SA (q. v.).
Tlie'man, or Tn.KitAN (Ocit/iav^. the (ireek form (Baruch iii, 22, 2o) of the Heb. name TiiJiAN (q. v.).
Themi-stians, an earlv school of theorists which took its name from a deacon, Themistius. An answer given him by the patriarch Timothy led liim lo con- chide that if the body of Christ was corruptible (subject. that is, to the decay arising from the wear and tear of life), then he must also have been so far subject to the defects of himian nature that his very knowledge of the present and the future was imperfect, and there were, therefore, some things of which he was ignorant. The patriarch himself repudiated this conclusion, but a school of theorists grew up under the leadership of Themistius, and became known as AcNOiiTvE (q. v. ). See Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s.v.
Thenius, Otto, doctor of theology and ]iliiloso]ihy, was born in 1<S01 at Dresden, where be also died. Aug. i;>, 187('). Although Thenius occupied the jinlpit for more than twenty years, yet his main renown is as an exegete, and as such he will always hold an honor- able position among scholars. He published, Krkldrung der Bucher Samvels (Leips. 1842; 2d ed. 1864):— /•>- kldrung der Biicher der Kdnige (ibid. 1849 ; 2d cd. 1873), with an Appendix, which was also published separately, /his rorexilisr/ie .ferusulem iind dessen Tempel : — Kr- kldrung der Khigelieder Jeremid (ibid. 1855) : — De Loco .lo/i. xiii, 21-28 Dissertniiuncula (DresdiB, 1837) : — Qim Ps. li A uctor fuisse videatur (ibid. 1839): — Die Grdber der Kdnige von Juda, in Illgen's Zeitsc/iriftJVr die /lis- torisc/ie T/ieologie, \844: — Ueber die Stufcnpsalmen, m Studien und Kriti/:en, 1854, vol. iii. Thenitis's works
THEOCANUS
317
THEODICY
will always be consulted for textual criticism. See Fiirst, Jfibl. J 11(1. iii, 411); Zuchold, Bihl. 'J7ievL\\, 1323; Theulti/jLicliis L'liiversal-Lex. s. v. (B. I'.)
Theoc'anus (BeioKavot; y.r. OoKai'oc and Gmko- v6c), a corrupt (ireeU form (1 Esdr. ix, 14) lor the lleb. name (Ezra x, 15) Tikvah (q. v.).
Theocatagnostae, a name used I)_v John of Da- mascus apiKU-ciiily as a general tcrn'i for heretics who hekl unorthoilux opinions about (iod, and tlierefore '•thought evil" (KaTuyinoaig) respecting him. See Blunt, Diet, of Sects, s. v.
Theocracy (^eoicpaTia, rule of God), a form of government such as prevailed among the ancient Jews, in which Jehovah, the (iod of the universe, was direct- ly recognised as their supreme civil ruler, and his laws were taken as the statute-book of the kingdom. This principle is repeatedly laid down in the Mosaic code, and was continually acteii upon thereafter. See King. Moses was but the appointee and agent of Jehovah in giving the law and in delivering the people from Egypt; and throughout the Exode the constant presence of (iod in the pillar and the cloud, as well as upon the mercy- seat, was on every occasion looked to for guidance and control. So, likewise, Joshua and the Judges were spe- cial "legates of the skies" to perform their dictatorial functions. Even under the monarchy, (iod reserved the chief direction of affairs for himself. The kings were each specilically anointed in his name, and proph- ets were from time to time commissioned to inform them of his will, who did not hesitate to rebuke and even veto their actions if contrary to the divine will. The whole later liistory of the chosen peojjle is but a rehearsal of this contiict and intercourse between the (ireat Head of the kingdom and the refractory functionaries. Un- der the New Economy, this idea passed over, in its spirit- ual import, to the Messiah as the heir of David's per- petual dynasty, and thus Christ becomes the ruler of his (Jliurch and the hearts of its members. See Spen- cer, Be Theocratia Judaica (Tlib. 1732); Witsius, De Theocratia /i'rae^. (Lugd. 1695); Blechschmidt, De Theo- ci'atia in Popvlo Sancto Institutu ; Deyling, De Israeli Jehovm Domiitio ; (ioodwiu, De Theocriitia Israeliturnvi (Ultraj. 1()9()); Hidse, />e Jehova Deo Rer/e oc Diice Militari in Frisco Israele; Daimhauer, Polilica Bihlicn ; Conring, De Poli/ia Ilebrworum ( Helmst. 1G48); Mi- chaelis, De Anliquildiihus CEconomim l'utri(irv}i(dis ; Schickard, Jus l{e<jiiim IJehrmorvm, cum anirnadver- sionibus et notis Carpzovii (Lips. 1(!74, 1701) ; Abarba- nel, De Statu et Jure Regio, etc., in Ugolino, Thesaurus, vol. xxiv. See Kingdom of Heaven.
Theodemir, a Goth who was abbot of Psalmodi, in the diocese of Nismes, at the beginning of the 9th cen- tury. He was reputed to be very learned, so that even bishop Claudius of Turin (q. v.; comp. Illgen, Zeitschr. J~ur die hist, Theoloyie, 1843, ii, 39 sq.) dedicated many of his commentaries to him. Theodemir wrote a letter to Claudius, in which he mentioned the ap])r()val which the writings of the latter received, especially from the Frankish bishops; but he subsequently discovered ex- pressions in the commentaries, i^articidarly those on Corinthians, which he regarded as being questionable and erroneous, the principal olijection being raised against the treatment of the subject of image and relic worship. Claudius tliereu]xin wrote an A polor/etirum (see Claud. Tiiur. Episc. Died. Opernm, Specimena, etc., exhibidt A. Kndelbach [Havn. 1824]; Peyron, r»W. Ciceroiiis Oratioivim. Fragine7ita Inedlta [Stuttg. 18L'4], 11. 13), to which Theodemir replied. The dispute was ended by the death of Theodemir, about A.D. 825 (see (iiesckr. Lehrh. der Kirchengesch. vol. ii; Neander, Chinch Hist, iii, 433). — Herzog, Real-EncyUop. s. v.