It is an interesting fact that the columbaria of "Cas- sar's household" in the Vif/ua Codini, near the Porta S. Sebastiano, at Kome, contain the name Tryphasna, as well as other names mentioned in this chapter, Philologns and Julia ( ver. 15), and also Amplias ( ver. 8). See Wordsworth, Tour in Italy (1862), ii, 173.— Smith.
Tryplio, an eminent man, who was seized as a Christian and imiirisoned at Nice, about A.D. 50, in company with another, named Kespicius. They were soon after put to the rack, which they bore with admi- rable patience for three hours, and uttereifthe praises of the Almighty the whole time. They were then ex- posed naked to the severity of the open air, which be- numbed all their limbs, as it was in the very depth of winter. — Fox, Book of M ai-tyrs, s. v.
Try'phon (Tpv(poiv, a not unfrequent Greek name of the later age), a usurper of the Syrian throne. His proper name was Diodbtiis fStrabo, xvi, 2, 10; Appian, Syr. G8), and the surname Tryphon was given to him, or, according to Appian, adopted by him, after his ac- cession to power (Livy, Epit. liii, Iv). He was a na- tive of Cariana, a fortified place in the district of Apa- mea, where he was brought up (Strabo, loc. cif.). In the time of Alexander Palas he was attached to the court (Appian, lor. cit., coi''\oQ tuiv /SncrtXEior; Diodor. /v. xxi, ap. iSnUler, I/isl. Gr. Frnrpn. ii, 17, arpari]- yi)Q\ 1 Mace, xi, 30, tu)v vapa 'AXf^.) ; but towards the close of his reign he seems to have joined in the con- spiracy which was set on foot to transfer the crown of Syria to Ptolemy Philometor fver. 13; Diodor. foe. cit.). After the death of Alexander Balas he took advantage of the unpopularity of Demetrius II to put forward the
claims of Antiochus VI, the young son of Alexander (1 Mace, xi, 3!)). 15.C. 115. After a time he obtained the support of Jonathan, who had been alienated from De- metrius by his ingratitude, and the young king was crowned (B.C. 144). Tryphon, however, soon revealed his real designs on the kingdom, and, fearing the oppo- sition of Jonathan, he gained possession <if his person by treachery (xii, 39-50), and after a short time put him to death (xiii, 23). As the way now seemed clear, he murdered Antiochus, and seized the supreme power (ver. 31, 32), which he exercised, as far as he was able, with violence and rapacity (ver. 34). His tyrainn' again encouraged the hopes of Demetrius, who was en- gaged in preparing an expedition against him ( B.C. 141), when he was taken ])risoner (xiv, 1-3), and Try- phon retained the throne (Justin, xxxvi, 1; Diodor. Ley. xxxi), till Antiochus YII, the brother of Deme- trius, drove him to Dora, from which he escaped to Or- thosia, in Phoenicia (1 Mace, xv, 10-14; 37-39), B.C. 139. Not long afterwards, being hard pressed by An- tiochus, he committed suicide, or, according to other accounts, was put to death by Antiochus (Strabo, xiv, 5, 2; Appian, Syt: G8, 'Avtioxoc — KTtivii . . • ni't' 7r6)'<jJ TToXXfp). Josephus (Ant. xiii, 7, 2) adds tliat he was killed at Apamea, the place which he made his headquarters (Strabo, xvi, 2, 10). The authority of Tryphon was evidently very partial, as appears from the growth of Jewish independence under Simon IMac- cabiBus, and Strabo describes him as one of the chief authors of Cilician piracy (xiv, 3, 2). His name oc- curs on the coins of Antiochus VI, and he also struck coins in his own name. — Smith. See Antiochus; De-
METIUUS.
Coin of Tryiihon.
Tiypho'sa {Tpixpi^jaa, luxurious), a Christian fe- male at l.'ome. addressed by Paul (Rom. xvi, 12). A.D. 55. See Ti;vi'H.T,N.u
Tsab. See Toktoise.
Tsabians (from X3il, a host) were those who wor- shipped the heavenly hosts, that being one of the earliest forms in which idolatry appeared. This species of idol- atry first prevailed in Chaldica, whence it spread over all the East, passed into Egypt, and thence found its way into Greece. The sun, moon, and each of the stars was believed to be a divine intelligence, who exercised a con- stant influence for good or evil upon the destinies of men.— Bhmt, y- '(«■////(>/■ //(f World, s. v. See Sabians.
Tsabua. See IIvesa.
Tsaphtsaphah. See Willow.
Tschiiner. See Tzscmiunkr.
Tschornaboltzi (or rather Tchernoltzi),a Rus<;iaii sect, the meniliers of which refuse to take an oath, hold it unlawful to siiave the beard, and do not pray for the emperor and imperial family according to the prescribed foriTi. 'I'hey have many things in common with the other sects, and believe that the end of the world is at hand. See Russian Sects.
Tseba. See Sabaoth.
Tsebi. Sec Rop:.
Tselatsal. See Locust.
Tsepha. See Cockatrice.
T.sephardea. See Frog.
Tseri. See Bai.m.
Tsing-Chamuu-Keaou, or Tea -sect of China (q. v.).
Tsiniiin. See Thorn.
TSIPHONI
571
TUBAL
Tsiphoni. See Addkr.
Tsippor. See Sparrow.
Tsirah. See Ilouxiir.
Tsiriiph (~"n"^:i), or amif/raw, is a Cabalistic rule according to wliicli various words are formed through the change of any word into others by the transposition of the component letters. Thus n'^wXl-, '"in the be- ginning," has been anagramatized "iJX r"'"i3, " a cove- nant of tire." to accord with Dent, xxxiii, 2, "from his right hand went a ticry law for them." In a Cabalistic book entitled n^3'ip"'r, upwards of seventy combina- tions of this single word are formed by K. Simeon ben- .lochai. The Cabalists saj' that because the Hebrew letters are spiritual, and sim|)le figures, they can there- fore be construed in different ways; but this can be done in any language. Thus Herbert anagramatized the Vir- gin Manj into .1 rwy, as seen in the following two lines: