TYMPE
607
TYNDALE
Tympuuuiu uf Uuoi w;iy, Es?eiidiiie, KiUlaudslilie, cir. UbO.
mould, the space included between the arch and the mould is termed the tympanum of the gable. — Parker, Gloss, of Architect, s. v.
Tympe, Johann Gottfried, professor of theology and Oriental languages at Jena, was born in 1699 at Biederitz, near Magtleburg, and died June 28, 1768. He wrote. Forma Verborum Perfectorum llebraicorum, Chaldaicorum, Syriaco7-imi atque A rahicnrum Commu- nis et Harmonica in Tabulis Compendio Exhibita et De- scripta (Jena, 1728-32) : — Prop: quo Indistinctam Anti- quorum Ehroeorum Scriptionem esse recens Commentum Aforiniunum, Certitudini Divinarum Literarum longe Pemiciosissimum Ostendit (ibid. 1730): — Tabulae Uni- verscB Accentuaiionis Hebr.-Chald. turn Pros, tum Metr. (ibid. 1740) : — Geneseos Prima quinque Capita et Partem Secti Hebraice et Sinyulorum Vociim Rutionem Gram- maticam Secundum Principio Danziano exposuit in Usum Auditorum (ibid. 1727): — De Cullu Divino ad
Statu Loca Restricto, etc. (ibid. 1728): — Sckediasma, , . , . , . , , .
quo Iterandm Editiones Concordantiarum EbrtBO-Chal-^T^'^^ 1"''"^^'' f Antwerp, and tound their way to Lng.
daicarum Chr. Noldii Novamque Cone. Pronominum, etc. (ibid, eod.) : — Forma A rabicorum Verborum Per/ec- turum Descripta (ibid, eod.) : — Diss. I et II de Descensu Nubis GloricB in Sanctuarium ante Consecrationem A aronis Facto, adversus Talmudistas et Veteres Ebrm- orum Commentatores (ibid. 1731-33), etc. See Fiirst, BiM. Hebr. iii, 456; Winer, Handb.der theol. Lit. i, 115, 121 ; Steinschneider, Bibliog. Handb. p. 141. (B. P.)
Tyndale (or Tindal), William, the Bible trans- lator and martyr, was born in the hundred of Berkeley,
he was in return to pray for the souls of the alderman's father and mother. Tyndale on leaving England went first to Hamburg. It is often said that from Hamburg he proceed- ed to Wittenberg, where he met Luther, who liad now tlirown off the last vestige of popish thraldom, and tliat there he comjjleted liis translation of the New Test. The statement is apparently not correct, for during 1524 he seems to have remained at Hamburg, and in 1525 he appears to have been first at Co- logne and then at Worms. At Cologne Tyn- dale seems to have commenced to print his first edition in 4to, but after ten sheets were printed the work was interrupted, and the translator and his coadjutors betook themselves to the Lutheran cit}' of Worms, where the quarto was finished, and an octavo edition also issued from the press (1525). The prologue to the quarto has been republished under the name of .4 Pathway to the Scriptures. The trans- lator's name was attached to neither of the two editions, and he assigns a reason for this omission in his Wiclced Mammon, published in 1527. Copies of these versions early found their way into England. In 1526 Tunstall, bishop of London, fulminated his prohibition of them, and two years afterwards a number of copies were col- lected, nay, some were |)urchased by the bishop in Ant- werp, and burned at St. Paul's Cross. AVarham and Wolsey were also dreadfully enraged, and Sir Thomas More was employed to denounce Tyndale, but his gen- ius was foiled in the attempt, and Tyndale won a vic- tory over the learned chancellor. Of the first edition only a fragment now exists, and of the second only two copies, one of them imperfect. Two editions were after-
land in vessels laden with grain. Endeavors were made to seize Tyndale and punish all who had assisted him, but he removed to Marburg, in Hesse, in 1528, and published there a book of great value — The Obedience of a Chris- tian Man. The result of all the English opposition was that, as Fox expresses it, " copies of the New Test, came thick and threefold into England." We find Tyn- dale again at Antwerp in 1529, during which year a fifth edition was printed; the four books of Moses were also translated, printed each at a separate press, and put into circulation. The enemies of the translator en-
either at Stinchcomb or North Nibley, Gloucestershire, deavored to decoy him into England, but he was too
about the year 1484 (or 1477). At an early period wary to be so easily entrapped, for he well knew what
he was sent to Oxford, where he took his degree, displeasure Henry YIII lelt at his tract called The
and also gave instructions in Magdalen Hall. But he Practice of Prelates, and what penalty the royal indig-
left Oxford for Caml)ridge, where it is believed that nation would speedih' inflict. After the martyrdom of
he took a degree. In 1502 he obtained priest's or- Frith, Tyndale set himself to revise and correct the ver-
ders, and in 1508 entered the monastery at Greenwich as a friar. He seems to have already formed the de- sign, or even to have actually begun the work, of trans- lating the New Test., and had probably imbibed some of the notions which were beginning to be circulated in favor of reforming the Church. In 1522 (or 1520) Tyn- dale is next found as tutor in the house of Sir John Welch, of Little Sodbury, not far from Bristol, where he preached in the villages and towns on the Sabbath, and
sion of the New Test., and it was soon thrown off, with this remark in the preface, " Which I have looked over again with all diligence, and compared with the Greek, and have weded out of it many fautes." But his ene- mies in England, whose power had been shaken by the copious circulation of the English New Test., were the more enraged against him, and conspired to seize him on the Continent, in the name of the emperor. An Englishman named Philips betrayed him, and, acting