Tyler, Edv^ard Royall, a Congregational minis- ter and author, was born at Guilford, Vt.., Aug. 3, 1800. He was the son of chief-justice Tyler, two of whose sons became ministers in the Protestant Episcopal Church and one in the Presbyterian. Edward was converted while a clerk in a counting-house in New York, and under the ministry of Dr. Spring. He graduated at Yale College in 1825, studied theology, and was ordain- ed pastor of the South Church in Jliddletown, Conn., in 1827. Here he was successful in building up the Church, but ill-health induced his resignation in 1832. He was next pastor in Colebrook, Conn., 1833-36. For a year j\Ir. Tyler was agent of the American Antislavery So- ciety, and from 1838 to its discontinuance in 1842 he was editor of the Connecticut Observer. In 1843 the New- Englunder was established under his proprietorship and editorship, and he continued in connection with it until his death, except during the periods of his prostration through illness. He died Sept. 28, 1848. Mr. Tyler contributed twenty-two articles to the first six volumes of the New-Englander (see these enumerated in that pe- riodical, vi, (507). His other publications were, Slavery a Sin per se: — Lectures on Future Punishment (Mid- dletown, 1829, r2mo) : — Holiness Always Pi'eferable to Sin : a Sermon (New Haven, 1829, 8vo). This opposed the position of some of the metaphysical divines of New ICngland, that God sometimes preferred sin to holiness: — 7716 Doctrine of Election: a Sermon (New Haven, 1831, 8vo); — The Congregational Catechism (ibid. 1844, 18mo). Tyler's writings are able, and some were thought at the time to be unsurpassed in their treat- ment of the subject in hand. j\Iany were produced un- der the depressing influence of disease. " He was by nature, by culture, and by the grace of God, one of the best sort of men, in whom the elements of character are ennobled bv faith and sanctified by devotion. We have
seen his uncomplaining patience, his uniform cheerful- ness, his kindness and sympathy, his generous impulses, his cliildlike piety." See New-Englander, 1848, p. 603 sq. (by L. IJacon) ; Cong. Quur. Rev. 1866, p. 287.
Tyler, James Eiidell, an English clergyman, was born at Monuiouth in 1789. He was educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he became fellow, dean, and tutor. Presented to the rectory of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, Lon- don, in 1826, he became canon residentiary of St. Paul's in 1845. He died in 1852. He wrote, Indices Attici (Lond. 1824, 12mo) : — Oaths, their Origin, Nature, and Histor-y (1834, p. 8vo) : — Conversations of a Father with his Children (5th ed. 1840, 2 vols. 18mo): — Primitive Church Worship (1840, 8vo) : — A Father's Letters to his Son on Confirmation (1843, r2mo) : — Worship of the B. V. Mary in the Church of Rome (1844, 8vo) : — Image- woi-ship of the Chui'ch of Rome (1847, 8vo): — Medita- tions from the Fathers of the First Five Centuries (1849, 2 vols. 12mo) : — Rector's Address to his Parishioners (1851, 8vo): — Christian's Hope in Death: — Sermons (1852, 8 vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and Amer. Au- thors, s. V.
Tyler, Joseph D., a clergyman and instructor of the Protestant Episcopal Church, was born at Brattlebor- ough, Vt. He graduated at Yale in 1829, and pursued a theological course at Alexandria. V^a. His organs of hearing having become impaired by disease, he became connected with the Deaf-and-Dumb Asylum at Hartford, Conn., and subsequently became principal of the Deaf- and-Dumb Institution of Virginia. He died at Staun- ton, Va., Jan. 28, 1852. He was an excellent scholar, and made some graceful contributions to the litera- ture of the dav. See Amer. Quar. Church Rev. 1852, p. 142.
Tyler, William, a Congregational minister, was born at Attleborough, Mass., Jan. 7, 1780, and was edu- cated at Brown University in the class of 1800. For some time after leaving college he was engaged in sec- ular pursuits. Having decided to study theology, he placed himself under the tuition of Rev. Dr. Emmons, of Franklin, Mass., and was licensed to preach in 1818. He was ordained in 1819 as junior pastor of the Congre- gational Church in South Weymouth, Mass., soon' be- coming sole pastor. He remained thirteen years in this place (1819-32). He removed to South Hadley Falls, Mass., in 1832, and was pastor of the Church in that place seven j'ears (1832-39). For several years he per- htrmed missionary service, under the direction of the Home ^Mission Society, in the interior of Massachusetts, having his residence at Amherst. He removed to Northhampton, Mass., in 1847, and became the editor of the Courier, published in that place. For several j'ears he resided in Pawtncket, R. I., and represented that town in the convention which met in 1853 to revise the State Constitution. He removed to Auburndale. iMass., in 1863, where he spent the remainder of his life, and where he died Sept. 27, 1875. " He was well instructed," says Prof. Gammell, "in theology, and was particularly interested in local history and antiquities, and on these subjects he was a frequent contributor to magazines and newspapers." (J. C. S.)
Tympanum, the triangular space between the hor- izontal and sloping cornices on the front of a pediment in classical architecture ; it is often left plain, but is sometimes covered with sculpture. This name is also given to the space immediately above the opening of a doorwaj'. etc., in mediteval architecture, when the top of the opening is square and has an arch over it; this arrangement is not uncommon in England in Norman work, and on the Continent is to be found in each of the styles. Tympanums of this kind are occasionally lierfectly plain, but are generally ornamented with carv- ing or sculpture. In Continental work the subjects are usually arranged in tiers one abov« another, and often embrace a great number of figures. Also when an arch is surmounted by a gable-moulding or triangular hood-