Rau, a name common to many literati, of whom we mention the following :
1. Christian, was born Jan. 25, 1613, at Berlin, stud- ied at Wittenberg, and was made magister in 1636. He then went to Kbnigsberg, Leipsic, Rostock, Hamburg, and Upsala, where he was offered a pastorate, which he declined. In 1638 he visited England, and in 1639 set out for the Orient, and resided a short time at Smyrna, where he learned Turkish, Persian, Italian, Spanish, and Modern Greek. In Constantinople he made a val- uable collection of old books, and in 1642 was made professor of Oriental languages at Oxford; in 1G44 he was called to Utrecht; in 1645 he lectured at Amster- dam, in 1650 at Upsala, in 1669 at Kiel, and finally set- tled at Frankfort-on-the-Oder in 1671, where he died, June 21, 1677. His best work is Concordant ia rum Uebr. et Chald. J. Buxtorfio Epitome (Berl. and Frankf. 1677). A number of other works are enumerated in Jbcher's Gelehrten-Lexikon, iii, 1926. See Fiirst, Bill. Jud. iii. 134: Winer, Handbuch der theolog. Literature p. 121, 721 ; Steinschneidcr, Bib/iographisches Handbuch, p. 114.
2. Heribert, a rationalist and preacher of the so- called German - Catholic Congregation, was born at Frankfort-on-the-Main in 1813, where he also died, Sept. 26, 1876. He wrote, Allgemeine Geschichte der christl. Kirche von ihrem Entstehen bis auf die Gegemvart (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1846) : — Neue Siunden der An- dacht (4th ed. Leips. 1863, 3 vols.) : — Sermons, etc., pub- lished at different times. See Literarischer Handiveiser, 1876, p. 551 ; Zuehold, Bibl. Theolog. ii, 1032.
3. Joachim Justus, doctor and professor of theology, was born April 11, 1713, at Berlin, studied at Jena, and in 1736 was called to Kbnigsberg as professor of theol- ogy and Oriental languages, where he died, Aug. 19, 1749. He wrote, Diatribe Hist.-philos. de Philosophia L,actaniii Firm. (Jena, 1733): — Kurzgefasste Anfangs- griinde der hebr. Grammatik nach den Lehrsatzen des D. Danz (Konigsb. 1739; published by (>. D. Kypke, ibid. 1749, etc.). See Jbcher, Gelehrten-Lexikon, s. v ; Fiirst,
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BiblJud, iii,134; Steinschneider, Bibliogr. Handbuch, p. 114; Winer, Uandbuch d, r tht oL Literatur, i. 40, 909; ii, 721.
4. .Ioiiann I : i • i RHARD, professor of theology, was bom at Altenbach, in tbe principality of Siegen, and died in l77i' at Herborn. He wrote, Dissertatio </> Pre- cious Uebraorum (Marburg, 1717) :— Diatribe dt Syna- goga Magna (Utrecht, L725): Dissert. PhilotogicO-
d, Libamim Facto fn Sacra Mensa Exod. a i Herborn. 1732 : Vota et Ammad- ,,, 11 eh ■. Relandi Antiquitates Vetemm Hebr. (ibid. 1743): Exercitatio Academica deNiibe super Ar- eata Foederis (ibid. 17J7 58; reprinted, Utrecht, 1760): _ /in,, Dissertationes Sacra Antiquaries (ibid. 1760). See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 134; Winer. Handbuch der theol. Literatur, i. 137 139; ii. 722.
5. Joii.vNN Wilhblm, doctor ;iml professor of theol- ogy, was born at Rentweinsdorf, in Franconia, March 9, 1745. In 1770 he was repetenl at Gottingen; in 177:!. rector at Peine, in Hanover; in 1 77.". he was made rector and professor of theology at Dortmund, and in 177'd or- dinary professor of theology at Erlangen, where he died, July 1, 1807. lie wrote. Nonxulla ad Quastion. an Oratio Montana Apostolor. Iniiiandor. Causa dicta sit ( Erlangen, L802-3 ) :— Uatt rsuckungt n die wahre - 1 nsicht dei Bergpredigt betrefend (ibid. 1805):— Freim&thige Untersvehungen iiberdi Typologie (ibid. L784) :— De Jo. Bapt. in rem Christ. Studiis (ibid. 1785-86) -.—Materia- lien :ii Kanzelvortragen (ibid. 1797-1806). See FUrsc, Bibliotheca Judaica, iii. 134 ; Winer. Handbuch der theo- logischen Literatur, i. 246, 247, 390, 556, 557, 559; ii, 122,722. (B.P.)
Rauch, Christian Daniel, one of the most dis- tinguished German sculptors, and noted for his work in the latter years of his life in sacred art, was born atArol- sen, the capital of the principality ofWaldeck, in 1777. lie began the study of sculpture as a boy, hut the death of his father in L797 obliged him to accept the humble but profitable position of valet to Frederick William II, king of Prussia. Under Frederick William III, who conceived a great liking for young Rauch, facilities for
: and modelling statues were afforded him, and he was even recommended as a pupil in the Academy of the Fine Arts. A statue of Endymion and a bust of queen Louisa of Prussia, executed at this time, convinced the king of Ranch's abilities; and although his request tor dismissal had been repeatedly refused, he was now granted his request, and given a small pension in order to be enabled to proceed to Rome tor further improve- ment He spent six years in that city, working at his profession, and enjoyed the friendship of Thorwaldsen. Canova. and also of William Humboldt, at that time Prussian minister there. Among his works at this time were bass-reliefs of Hippolgtus and Phasdra, a Mars ,i,i,i Venus wounded by Diomedes, a colossal bust of the king of Prussia, a bust of the painter Raphael Mengs, etc. In L811 he was called by the king of Prussia to Berlin, to execute a monumental statue of queen Louisa. This great work obtained for Rauch a European repu- tation. It is in the mausoleum of the queen in the gar- den of Charlottenburg. Not quite satisfied with this triumph, he commenced a new statue of the queen, which he finished eleven years afterwards, and which is