Raumer, Rudolph von, professor of languages and son of Karl Georg von Raumer, was born April 14, 1815, at Breslau. He prepared himself at the gymnasia in Erlangen and Niirnberg, and in 1832 entered the University of Erlangen, continuing, however, his stud- ies at Gottingen and Munich. In 1840 he commenced lecturing at Erlangen, in 1852 was made professor in ordinary, and died there Aug. 30, 1876. He wrote Die Einwirhing des Christenthums auf die aUkochdeutsche Xprache (Stuttgart, 1845), which he concludes with the remarkable words that "the destiny of our (the Ger- man) pei pie will always be connected with Christian- ity :" — Ein Wort der Yerstdndigung iiber die Schrift: die Einwirhing des Christenthums, etc. (ibid. 1852): — Geschiehte der germanischen Philologie, vorzugsweise in Deutschland (ibid. 1870). See Zuchold, Bibl. Theolog. ii, 1033; Literarischer Handweiser, 1873, p. 300; 1876, p. 352; Schneider, Theolog. Jahrbuch. 1878, p. 226 sq. (B. P.)
Raus(s), Lucas, one of the earlier Lutheran minis- ters in this country, was born in 1723 in the city of Her- manstadt, in Transylvania. He was the son of Lucas Raus, an eminent German divine, under whose careful training he enjoyed the best opportunities for mental and moral culture. Designed for the Christian ministry, his studies were prosecuted at the universities of Leip- sic and Jena. He immigrated to the United States in 1750, and at once identified himself with its interests. He commenced his labors in Philadelphia, and, as there were few organized Lutheran churches at the time and the members were scattered, his work was verv much YIII.-N >' N
I of an itinerant character. In 1754 he removed to York, Pa., where he continued to reside until his death, which occurred July 11, 1788. Mr. Raus enjoyed the reputa- tion of being an accomplished scholar, particularly in the department of the Latin, Greek, and Oriental lan- guages. He conversed with great fluency in several j modern languages. His descendants are still numbered among the citizens of the place in which he so iong la- bored. See Luth. Observer, April 19., 1878.
Rauscher, Joseph Othmar, one of the most prom- inent ecclesiastical princes of Austria and of the 19th century, was born Oct. 6, 1797, at Vienna, being the son of an imperial officer. He first intended to study law, which he did for three years, but afterwards betook himself to the study of theology, and. almost twenty- six years of age, he was ordained priest Aug. 27, 1823. For two years he labored as vicar at Hiitteldorf, not far from Vienna, but he was soon called to Salzburg as pro- fessor of canon law and Church history. Here he com- menced the elaboration of a comprehensive Church his- tory, of which the first two volumes, reaching down to Justinian (Sulzbach, 1824-29), promised so well for the young author that he undoubtedly would have become one of the brightest stars among the Roman Catholic historians were he left in his position; but in 1832 he was appointed director of the Oriental Academy at Vi- enna, and from that time on he was invested with dif- ferent offices, to which also belonged the instruction of the present Austrian emperor and his brothers. In 1849 the metropolitan archbishop of Salzburg, prince Friedrich von Schwarzenberg, his former pupil and now his friend, appointed Rauscher to the bishopric of Seck- au. For four years he discharged his episcopal duties, amid great difficulties, in the most zealous and happy manner, when, in 1853, the emperor appointed him to the archiepiscopal see. In his new position the em- peror intrusted to him a mission which forever con- nected his name with the Church history of Austria, viz. the negotiation of a concordat between Austria and the Apostolic See. which, unhappily for Austria, was signed Aug. 18, 1855. For this deed Rauscher was made cardinal, Dec. 17 of the same year. For twenty years Rauscher moulded the ecclesiastical as well as political affairs of Austria; for his position made him not only the intimate counsellor of the emperor, but also a prom- inent member of the House of Peers. It would be too long to enumerate his numerous speeches and pastoral letters, which are all distinguished both by the depth of thought as well as by their rhetoric and noble lan- guage. He also took a prominent part in the last Vat- ican Council, and died Nov. 24, 1875. See Literarischer Handwt ist r. 1875, p. 470; Kurtz. L.ehrbuch der Kirchen- geschichte (9th ed. Mitau, 1874), ii, 344, 363 sq. (B. P.)
Rautenberg, Joiiann Wilhelm, father of the Inner Mission at Hamburg, was born at Moorflath, near Hamburg, March 1, 1791. He studied at Kiel under Twesten, and at Berlin under Neander, who both influ- enced him, and brought him nearer to Him whom he afterwards proclaimed with such fervor and blessing. In 1820 he was appointed pastor of St. George, a suburb of Hamburg, where, amid many difficulties and obsta- cles, he labored for forty-five years. He promoted ev- ery Christian enterprise which furthered the kingdom of God, and the many societies which he assisted with his word and cornsel are his lasting monument. He died March 1, 1865. Rautenberg is well known as a hymn-writer and preacher. After his death Sengel- mann published Festlich Nachkla/nge, a collection of 169 hymnological pieces (Hamburg, 1865); he also pub- lished Predigten (ibid. 1866). See Koch, Geschiehte des deutschen Kirchenliedes, vii, 292 sq.; Zuchold, Biblioth. Theolog. ii. 1034; Lowe, Denhwurdigkeiten nus dem Le- ben u. Wirken llautenbergs (Hamb. 1866); Hauck. The- ologischer Jahresbericht (1866), ii, 198 sq., 701 sq. (B. P.)