ness. So Chaucer: ‘‘ Schamefast chastite.’’ Knight’s T. 2057.
Shakespeare :
‘Tis a blushing shamefast spirit that mutinies in a man’s bosom.”’ Richard IIL. i. 4.
It is one of a large class of words, as steadfast, soothfast, rootfast, masterfast, handfast, bedfast, etc. Shamefaced changes and destroys the original force of the word, which was bound or made fast by an honourable shame. Lodpocvvy sobriety, °P. Once in Acts, xxvi. 25. The kindred verb awdpovely to be of sound mind, Rom. xii. 38; 2 Cor. v. 13;
* Ammonius the Grammarian, fourth century. He wrote a work On the Differences of Words of Like Signification, which was appended to many of the older lexicons.
+ The different uses of alédés in Homer are discussed in a very interesting way in Gladstone’s Homer and the Homeric Age, Vol. II., p. 481 ff. The best discussion of the word is by Schmidt, Synonymik der griechischen Sprache, Vol. IIl., § 140.
924 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. IL
Tit. ii. 6.. Several representatives of this family of words appear in the Pastorals, and with the exception of cwdpoc- vyn and cwdpovety, nowhere else in N. T. Such are cwdpor- fev to be soberminded (Tit. ii. 4); cwppoucpds discipline (2 Tim. i. 7); cadpdves soberly (Tit. ii. 12); cappwv sober- minded (1 Tim. iii. 2). The word is compounded of odos or aos safe, sound, and dpnv mind. It signifies entire com- mand of the passions and desires; a self-control which holds the rein over these. So Aristotle (Rhet. i. 9): “The virtue by which we hold ourselves toward the pleasures of the body as the law enjoins.” Comp. 4 Macc. i. 31. Euripides calls it “the fairest gift of the gods” (Med. 632). That it ap- pears so rarely in N. T. is, as Trench remarks, “not because more value was attached to it in heathen ethics than in Christian morality, but because it is taken up and trans- formed into a condition yet higher still, in which a man does not command himself, which is well, but, which is better still, is commanded by God.” The words with shamefastness and sobriety may either be taken directly with adorn them- selves, or better perhaps, as indicating moral qualities accom- panying (wera with) the modest apparel. Let them adorn themselves in modest apparel, having along with this shame- fastness and sobermindedness.
With broidered hair (év rAéypacw). Lit. with plaitings. N. T.°. Rend. with braided hair. Broidered is a blunder owing to a confusion with broided, the older form of braided.
So Chaucer : ‘¢ Hir yelow heer was broyded in a tresse, Bihinde hir bak, a yerde long, I gesse.”’ Knight's T. 1049 £.
Costly array ((waticu@ modvterc?). Neither word in Paul. ‘Iwaticpos signifies clothing in general. TlodvteAns costly occurs only three times in N. T.
10. Professing (érayyeAXouevais). In the sense of pro- fessing only in the Pastorals. In Tit. i. 2, and everywhere else in N. T. it means promise. See Acts vii. 5; Rom. iv. 21; Gal. iii. 19, ete.
Cu. IL] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 225
Godliness (GeoceBeiav). N.T.°. Several times in LXX. The adjective GeoceBys worshipping God, J. ix. 81. It is= evcéBea. See ver. 2. Const. by good works with professing godliness: omit the parenthesis which— godliness ; take which (6) as = with that which (év rovt@ 6) and construe it with adorn. The whole will then read: “That women adorn themselves in modest apparel, with shamefastness and so- briety ; not with braided hair, or gold, or pearls, or costly array, but (adorn themselves) with that which becometh women professing godliness through good works.” *
11. Learn (pavOavérw). Comp. 1 Cor. xiv. 35.
In silence (év jcvyia). See on peaceable, ver. 2. Rev. renders quietness ; but the admonition concerns the behaviour of women in religious assemblies. Comp. 1 Cor. xiv. 34. The word is used in the sense of stlence, Acts xxii. 2: with the broader meaning gutetness in 2 Th. iii. 12.