4. That ruleth (poictduevov). Mostly in the Pastorals, but also in Rom. xii. 8; 1 Th. v. 12. The participle means placed in front. Here ina general sense, but in 1 Th. i. 5 of church authorities, but only functionally, not as a title of specially appointed officers. It is characteristic of the loose and unsettled ecclesiastical nomenclature of the apostolic age.
Having in subjection (éyovra év trorayn). The phrase
is unique in N. T. ‘Twotayn subjection is a Pauline word : see 2) Corsixaio ssGale co. OLX X.
5. Shall he take care of (émiperjoerar). Only here and LL, x..04,
_ 6. Novice (veddutov). N.T.°. From véos new and gutdv
a plant. Comp. 1 Cor. iii. 6,7; Matt. xv. 13. Hence, a new convert, a neophyte. Comp. in LXX Job xiv. 9; Ps. exxvil. 8; cxliii. 12; Isa. v. 7. Chrysostom explains it as newly catechised (veoxarnyntos) ; but a neophyte differed from a catechumen in having received baptism. Better the ancient Greek interpreters, newly baptized (veoBdrricros). After the ceremony of baptism the neophytes wore white garments for
* See Dr. Sanday, Expositor, 3d ser., V., 98, and Réville, Les Origines de VEpiscopat, p. 153 f.
Meese WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu III.
eight days, from Easter eve until the Sunday after Easter, which was called Dominica in albis, the Sunday in white. ‘The Egyptian archives of Berlin give veddutos in a Fayum papyrus of the second century A.D., of newly-planted palm trees. Comp. LXX, Ps. exxvii. 8: “Thy sons as vedduta éharav new plants of olives.”
Being lifted up with pride (rudwels). Only in the Past- orals. See ch. vi. 4; 2 Tim. iii. 4. The verb means prim- arily to make a smoke: hence, metaphorically, to blind with pride or conceit. Neither A. V. nor Rey. puffed up, preserves the radical sense, which is the sense here intended —a beclouded and stupid state of mind as the result of pride.
Fall into condemnation (eis xcpiua éuméon). Kpiva in N. T. usually means judgment. The word for condemnation is katdxptua. See especially Rom. v. 16, where the two are sharply distinguished. Comp. Matt. vii. 2; Acts xxiv. 25; Rom. ii. 2; v. 18; 1 Cor. vi. 7. However, «piua occasion- ally shades off into the meaning condemnation, as Rom. iii. 8; Jas. iii. 1. See on go to law, 1 Cor. vi. 7, and on 1 Cor. xi. 29. Kpiua is a Pauline word; but the phrase éumurreiy eis xpiwa to fall into yudgment is found only here.
Of the devil (rod diaBerov). See on Matt. iv. 1, and on Satan, 1 Th. ii. 18. Paul uses ds¢Boros only twice, Eph. iv. 27; vi. 11. Commonly Satan. The use of é:a8oros as an adjective is peculiar to the Pastorals (see 1 Tim. iii. 11; 2 Tim. ili. 3; Tit. ii. 3), and occurs nowhere else in N. T., and not in LXX. The phrase yudgment of the devil probably means the accusing judgment of the devil, and not the judg- ment passed upon the devil. In Apoc. xii. 10 Satan is called the accuser of the brethren. In 1 Cor. v. 5; 1 Tim. i. 20, men are given over to Satan for judgment. In ver. 7 the genitive d:a8eXov is clearly subjective. In this chapter it appears that a Christian can fall into the reproach of the devil (comp. Jude 9; 2 Pet. ii. 11), the snare of the devil (comp. 2 Tim. ii. 26), and the judgment of the devil.
Cu. IIL] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 233
7. A good report (Haptuplay Kkadnv). Comp. Acts vi. 3. Not only does xados occur in the Pastorals nearly twice as many times as in Paul, but the usage is different. Out of 16 instances in Paul, there is but one in which xad0s is not used substantively (Rom. vii. 16), while in the Pastorals it is, almost without exception, used adjectively. Maprupiar, better teste¢mony. Comp. Tit. i. 13. Not in Paul, who uses papTuplov.