RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Baronius Barruel
belonged to the court circle and is said to have led a dissolute life until converted by a chance sermon. Probably through the influence of John Greenwood (q.v.) he adopted the views of the Brownists. After Greenwood's arrest, Barrow visited him in prison and was himself illegally detained, Nov., 1586, and kept in confinement thenceforth till his execution. While in prison, in collaboration with Greenwood, he wrote several books and pamphlets, including A True Description out of the Word of God of the Visible Church (1589; cf. W. Walker, Creeds and Platforms of Congregationalism, New York, 1893, 28-40) and A Brief Discovery of the False Church (1590). Dr. Dexter 's suggestion {Congregationalism of the Last Three Hundred Years, New York, 1880, 192-202) that he wrote the Marprelate Tracts (q.v.) has not met with general acceptance. He differed from Robert Browne in placing the government of the Church in the hands of elders rather than the entire congregation, fearing too much democracy. See Congregationalists, 1, 1, § 3. After the erratic leader of the Separatists had submitted to the Church, he turned his invective sagainst Barrow and Greenwood, who remained Separatists consistently to the end (see Browne, Robert).
Bibliography: Egerton Papers, ed. J. P. Collier for Camden Society, pp. 166-179, London, 1840; DNB, iii, 297- 298 (has excellent list of references); Champlin Burragc, The True Story of Robert Browne, pp. 48-60, Oxford, 1906.
BARROW, ISAAC: Church of England; b. in London Oct., 1630; d. there May 4. 1677. He studied at Trinity College, Cambridge; traveled in Europe and the East, 1655-59, residing for more than a year in Turkey; was ordained on his return to England, and after the Restoration was made professor of Greek at Cambridge; became professor of mathematics in 1663, but resigned in 1669 in favor of his famous pupil, Isaac Newton, and devoted himself to theology. Charles II made him his chaplain and in 1673 appointed him master of Trinity; in 1675 he was made vice-chancellor of the university. His reputation is deservedly high as a scholar, mathematician, and scientist; his Treatise of the Pope's Supremacy (London, 1680) shows much skill in controversy; his sermons are elaborate and exhaustive, but ponderous in style and inordinately long. His theological works edited by John Tillotson appeared in four volumes at London, 1683-87; they have been several times reissued, the best edition being that by A. Napier (9 vols., Cambridge, 1859).
Bibliography: The best account of his life is by W. Whewell, prefixed to vo?. ix of Barrow's works, ut sup.; a critical account is given DNB, iii, 299-305. His Treatise of the Pope's Supremacy has been reprinted by the Cambridge University Press and the S. P. C. K.
BARROWS, JOHN HENRY: Congregationalist; b. at Medina, Mich., July 11. 1847; d. at Oberlin, Ohio, June 3, 1902. He was graduated at Olivet College, Michigan, 1867; studied theology at the Yale Divinity School and Union Theological Seminary, New York, 1867-69, and at Andover, 1874- 75; was ordained pastor of the Eliot Congregational
Church, Lawrence, Mass., 1875; was pastor of Maverick Church, East Boston, 1880-81; of the First Presbyterian Church, Chicago, 1881-96; president of Oberlin College, Jan., 1899, till his death. He was chairman of the committee on religious conferences of the Columbian exposition of 1893, organized the Parliament of Religions at Chicago in that year, and published an account of it (2 vols., Chicago, 1893); his Haskell lectures at the University of Chicago, 1895, were repeated, with many other addresses, in India and Japan the following year and were published under the title Christianity the World Religion (1897); in 1898 he was Morse lecturer at the Union Theological Seminary upon the topic The Christian Conquest of Asia (New York, 1899).
Bibliogbaphy: Mary E. Barrows, John Henry Barrows, a Memoir, New York, 1905 (by his daughter).
BARROWS, SAMUEL JUNE: Unitarian; b. in New York City May 26, 1845. After being for a time a journalist and stenographer, he studied theology at Harvard Divinity School (B.D., 1875) and studied for a year at Leipsic. He was pastor of the First Church (Unitarian), Dorchester, Mass., from 1876 to 1880, and was editor of the Christian Register from 1881 to 1897. He has been since 1896 the United States representative on the International Prison Commission, and since 1900 the corresponding secretary of the Prison Association of New York. In 1897-99 he was a member of Congress for the tenth district of Massachusetts. His writings include: Life and Letters of Thomas J Mumford (Boston, 1879); The Doom of the Majority of Mankind (1883); Ezra Abbott (Cambridge, 1884); A Baptist Meeting House (Boston, 1885); and Isles and Shrines of Greece (1898).
BARRUEL, AUGUSTIN: French politico-religious writer; b. at Villeneuve-de-Berg (95 m. n.w. of Marseilles), Ardeche, Oct. 2, 1741; d. at Paris Oct. 5, 1820. He was teaching in the Jesuit college in Toulouse when the order was suppressed in France (1764), and thereupon undertook extensive travels in Europe; returned to France in 1774 and wrote against the infidelity of the age as associate editor of the Annee litteraire, after 1788 as editor of the Journal ecclesiastique, and in his book, Les Helviennes ou lettres provinciates philosophiques (5 vols., Amsterdam, 1784-88). In August, 1792, he fled from the Revolution to England and remained there till 1800. He published at London an Histoire du clerge pendant la Revolution franfaise (2 vols., 1793); Memoires pour servir a Vhistoire du Jacobinisme (5 vols., Amsterdam, 1796-99; Eng. transl., 4 vols., 1798); L'evangile et le clerge francais (1800). After his return to France he published Du pape et de ses droits religieux (2 vols., Paris, 1803), which gave the Ultramontanes occasion to say that he had sold himself to Bonaparte. His work in general is marked by exaggeration and bitterness and he goes to an absurd extreme in opposition to the freemasons and secret societies.
Bibliography: Dussault, Notice sur la vie et les ouvrages de Barruel. Paris, 1825.
Barry Bartlett