THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ary History of the Eighteenth Century (8 vols., ib. 1817-58), both by John Nichols, contain very numerous references to Bryant. Consult also DNB, vii. 155-157.
BRYCE, GEORGE: American Presbyterian; b. at Mount Pleasant, Ont., Apr. 22, 1844. He was educated at the University of Toronto and Knox College. Toronto (B.A., 1871), and was examiner in natural history in the former institution in 1870- 1872. In 1S71 he was chosen by the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of Canada to organize a church and college in Winnipeg, and accordingly established Manitoba College in the same year and Knox Church, Winnipeg, in 1872. Five years later he was one of the founders of Manitoba University, where he was examiner in science and chairman of the faculty of science until 1904. In the following year he was appointed to Ms present position of professor of English literature and financial agent in Manitoba College. For many years he has been active in Presbyterian home missions in Manitoba, and was moderator of the general Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Canada in 1902-03. He has written: Manitoba ; Infancy, Progress, and Present Condition (London, 18S2); Short History of the Canadian People (1SS7); TheApostleof Red River (Toronto, 1898); Remarkable History of the Hudson's Bay Company (London, 1900); and Makers of Canada (Toronto, 1903).
BRYENNIOS, bri-en"ni'es, PHILOTHEOS, fi"lothe'es: Greek metropolitan of Nicomedia; b. at Constantinople March 26 (old style), 1833. He was educated at the " Theological School in Chalce of the great Church of Christ " (1856), and the universities of Leipsic, Berlin, and Munich. In 1861 he became professor of ecclesiastical history, exegesis, and other studies at Chalce, of which he was appointed master and director in 1863, although he soon resigned the latter positions. In 1867 he was called to Constantinople to be the head of the " Great School of the Nation " in the Phanar, or Greek quarter of Constantinople, and remained there until in 187.5 he was sunt by the Most Holy Synod of metropolitans and patriarchs to the Old Catholic conference at Bonn, where he received the patriarchal letter announcing his appointment as metropolitan of Serrae in Macedonia. In 1877 he was transferred to the metropolitan see of Nicomedia, and three years later went to Bucharest as commissioner of the Eastern Orthodox Patriarchal and other independent churches, to decide concerning the Greek monasteries which had been plundered in Moldavia and Wallachia. In 1882. at the instance of the Holy Synod of Metropolitans in Constantinople, and the patriarch Joachim III., he wrote a reply to the encyclical letter of Pope Leo XIII. concerning the Slavic apostles Cyrillus and Methodius, which was published at Constantinople in 1SS2 with the approbation and at the expense of the Holy Synod. His fame rests upon his discovery in 1873 in the Jerusalem Monastery of the Most Holy Sepulcher in the Greek quarter of Constantinople of a manuscript containing (1) a synopsis of the Old and New Testaments in the order given by St. Chrysostom; (2) The Epistle of Barnabas; (3) The First
Epistle of Clement of Rome to the Corinthians; (4) The Second Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians; (5) The Teaching of the Twelve Apostles;
(6) The spurious letter of Mary of Cassoboli; and
(7) Twelve pseudo-Ignatian Epistles. He edited the Epistles to the Corinthians with prolegomena and notes at Constantinople in 1875, and published the " Teaching of the Twelve Apostles " in the same city in 1883. See Didache.
Bibliography: P. Schaff, Teaching of the Twelve Apostles, pp. 8-9, 289-295, New York, 1890.
BUCER, MARTIN. See Butzer.
BUCHANAN, CLAUDIUS: A pioneer of modern Anglican missionary work in India; b. at Cambuslang, near Glasgow, Mar. 12, 1766; d. at Broxbourne (5 m. s.e. of Hertford), Hertfordshire, Feb. 9, 1815. At sixteen he went to the University of Glasgow, intending to study law, but, after finishing his course, spent three years in a careless wandering life. Smitten by repentance, he placed himself under the care of John Newton, the celebrated evangelical preacher in London, one of whose friends enabled him to spend four years at Cambridge. In 1796 he went to Calcutta as a chaplain in the East India Company's service. He found the conditions there very unfavorable for earnest work. All the Company was willing to do for sixty millions of souls was to place a chaplain here and there, who was told not to meddle with the native population. While Buchanan was waiting for a chance to do real work, he learned Hindustani and Persian. In 1800, being transferred to Calcutta itself, he found a like-minded helper in Lord Mornington (later Marquis of Wellesley), the Governor-general, who founded a college in Calcutta for the teaching of the Oriental languages and placed Buchanan in charge of it. It was closed, however, three years later, and all looked as dark as ever. But after a while a new institute was founded, on a smaller scale, and Buchanan took hope once more. In 1805 he published his Expediency of an Ecclesiastical Establishment for India, in which he developed the first plan for the establishment of regular dioceses and bishops While waiting for his seed to bear fruit, he translated the New Testament into Hindustani and Persian, and founded an institute for such work. In 1806 he made an extended journey along the Malabar coast, partly for his health and partly in the missionary interest, publishing his observations in Christian Researches in Asia (Cambridge, 1811, new ed., London, 1840). He returned to Calcutta in 1807, full of plans for which the time was once more unfavorable. Lord Wellesley had been recalled, and his successor, Lord Minto, looked coldly on such projects, as did the Company in general. To push his views in England was the most necessary thing, and Buchanan returned thither in 1808 to press upon the ministry the setting up of a theological seminary in each presidency, the granting of licenses to missionaries, and the appointment of bishops. Lord Liverpool approved this plan, but the House of Commons agreed to the appointment of only one bishop. Middleton, the first bishop of Calcutta, was con-