THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
of the First Baptist Church of Elizabeth, N. J. (Newark, 1863) and a Gospel Harmony in English (New York, 1870), he has written a Commentary on the Xew Testament (9 vols., Philadelphia, 1870-1907).
CLARK, THOMAS MARCH: Second Protestant Episcopal bishop of Rhode Island; b. at Newburjiiort, Mass., July 4, 1812; d. at Middletown, Conn., Sept. 7, 1903. He was graduated at Yale 1S31; studied in Princeton Theological Seminaiy 1833-35 and was licensed as a Presbyterian at Xewburyport 1835; was ordained priest in the Protestant Episcopal Church 1836; became rector of Grace Church, Boston, 1836; of St. Andrew's, Philadelphia, 1843; assistant at Trinity, Boston, 1847; rector of Christ Church, Hartford, 1851; was consecrated bishop of Rhode Island, 1854. His books include Lectures to Young Men on the Formation of Character (Hartford, 1852); The Primary Truths of Religion (New York, 1869); Readings and Prayers for Aid in Private Devotion (1888); Reminiscences (1895).
CLARK, WILLLAM ROBINSON: Church of England; b. at Inverurie (13 m. n.w. of Aberdeen), Aberdeenshire, Scotland, Mar. 26, 1829. He studied at King's College, Aberdeen, and Hertford College, Oxford (B.A., 1864), and was ordered deacon in 1857 and ordained priest in the following year. He was curate of St. Matthias', Birmingham (1857-58) and of St. Mary Magdalene, Taunton, in 1858, where he was vicar 1859-80. From 1870 to 1882 he was prebendary of Wells, and since 1883 has been professor of philosophy in Trinity College, Toronto. He was lecturer of St. George, Toronto, 1882-85, and lecturer in history in Trinity College, Toronto, 1883-91, as well as Baldwin lecturer in the University of Michigan in 1887, and Slocum lecturer in the same university in 1899. In 1900 he was elected president of the Royal Society of Canada. He translated Hagenbach's History of Doctrines (3 vols., Edinburgh, 1880-81) and the major portion of Hefele's History of the Councils (to 787 4 vols., 1871-96), and has written, besides other works, Uglinesses to Christ (Baldwin Lectures; London, 1888); Savonarola. : his Life and Times (1892); The Anglican Reformation (1896); The Paraclete (Slocum Lectures, 1900); and Pascal and Port Royal (1902).
CLARKE, ADAM: Wesleyan preacher, commentator, and theologian; b. at Moybeg (near Ivilcronaghan, 2 m. e. of Draperstown), County Londonderry, Ireland, c. 1762; d. in London Aug. 26, 1832. He became a Methodist in 1778, and was in a succession an exhorter, local preacher, and regular preacher. His first circuit was that of Bradford, Wiltshire, to which he was appointed in 1782. He served in various places and traveled throughout Great Britain, achieving fame as a preacher, and being president of the British Conference in 1S()6, 1814, and 1822. After 1805 he held an appointment in London, where he was a member of the committee of the British and li'oreign Bible Society for several years, and one of the advisers of its Oriental publications, in addition to editing certain ancient documents of state in continuation
of the Fcedera of Thomas Rymer. He resigned from this task in 1819, having retired four years pr.eviously, in view of his impaired health, to Millb'rook, Lancashire, where he resided until his return to the vicinity of London in 1823. He was also active in the ser\dce of the Wesleyan Missionary Society from its inception in 1814, making two missionary journeys in 1826 and 1828 to the Shetland Islands, where he established Methodism. The most important of his numerous works was his commentary on the Bible (8 vols., Liverpool, 1810-26), which long had an extensive circulation. He also published a Biographical Dictionary (6 vols., London, 1802) and its supplement. The Biographical Miscellany (2 vols., 1806). His Miscellaneous Works were edited in thirteen volumes by J. Everett (London, 1836-37).
Bibliography: An Account of the Infancy, Religioua and Literary Life of Adam Clarke, 3 vols., London, 1833 (vol. i. is autobiographical, vols, ii., iii. by his daughter, M. A. Smith, with an Appendix by his son, J. B. B. Clarke). Consult lives by J. Everett, London, 1843; J. W. Etheridge, ib. 1858; S. Dunn, ib. 1863; and DNB, x. 413-414.
CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN: Unitarian; b. in Hanover, N. H., Apr. 4, 1810; d. in Boston June 8, 1888. He was graduated at Harvard 1829, and at the Cambridge Divinity School 1833; was pastor in Louisville, Ky., 1833-40; became pastor of the newly organized Church of the Disciples, Boston, 1841, and remained there till his death, with the exception of an interval between 1850 and 1853 when the church was temporarily disbanded. He was a director of the Unitarian Association from 1845, was chosen its secretary in 1859, and helped to form the National Conference of Unitarian Churches in 1865. He was a leader of the antislavery movement, and an efficient member of the Sanitary Commission during the Civil War; at a later period he advocated civil service reform. He was prominent in educational work in Boston, an overseer of Harvard, and a trustee of the public library. In 1867 he was made professor in the Harvard Divinity School and gave lectures on comparative theology. Christian doctrine, and other subjects, from which his important books, Steps of Belief (Boston, 1870) and Ten Great Religions (2 parts, 1871-83) were developed. The Church of the Disciples was founded expressly to allow its members entire freedom of individual belief, and he prepared a Service and Hymn Book (1844) for its use, combining the features of ritualistic and nonritualistic worship. Of his other original works mention may be made of the History of the Campaign of 1812 and Defence of Gen. William Hull [his grandfather] for the Surrender of Detroit (1848); The Christian Doctrine of Forgiveness of Sin (1S52); The Christian Doctrine of Prayer (1854); Orthodoxy, its Truths and its Errors (1866); Common Sense in Religion, essays (1874); Essentials and Non-essentials in Religion (1878); Events and Epochs in Religious History (1881); Legend of Thomas Didymus, the Jewish skeptic (1881; reissued as The Life and Times of Jesus, as Related by Thomas Didymus, 1887); Anti-Slavery Days (New York, 1883); The Ideas of the Apostle Paul Translated into their Modern Equimlcnts (Boston, 1884);