THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Walton, he wrote Scientia- mctrica et rhythmica, seu traclatus de prosodia Arabica (Oxford, 1661), while the Massereth Beracoth Tilulu-s TaLimulicus (1667) is also ascribed to him.
Bibliography: A. k \Voi>d, Athenco Oxonierises, ed. P. Bliss, iii. SS2-SS5, 4 vols., London, 1813-20; DNB, x. 440-441.
3. Biblical commentator, eldest son of Samuel Clarke the non-conformist; b. at Shotwick (6 m. n.w. of Cluster), Cheshire, Nov. 12, 1626; d. at High Wycombe (24 m. s.e. of Oxford), Bucks, Feb. 27, 1701. He received his education at Pembroke Hall, Cambridge, and was appointed fellow in 1644, but was deprived of his fellowship seven years later for refusing to take the oath of allegiance to the Commonwealth. At the Restoration he held the rectory of Grendon Underwood, Bucks, but was ejected for non-conformity in 1662. He then settled at High Wycombe. In theology he was Baxterian, and extended divine inspiration to the versedivisions of the Bible. His chief work was his Old and Xew Testaments with Annotations and Parallel Scriptures (London, 1690), beside which mention may be made of his Survey of the Bible (1694), designed to supplement his earlier work, and The Divine Authority of the Scriptures (1699). Bibliography: DUB, x. 442-443, where further literature
is given.
4. Philosopher; b. at Norwich Oct. 11, 1675; d. in London May 17, 1729. He was educated in his native city and at Caius College, Cambridge (B.A., 169,5). There, in 1697, he prepared a Latin translation of the Traitc de physique by Jean Rohault, to which he added notes based on Newton's Principia. The work was long the standard textbook of its subject at Cambridge and went through repeated editions. In 1698 Clarke became chaplain to John Moore, bishop of Norwich, and held this post for twelve years, in addition to the rectory of Drayton near Norwich and a small living in the city. In 1704-05 he delivered the Boyle Lectures on The Being and Attributes of God, the Obligations of Xatural Religion, and the Trxith and Certainty of the Christian Revelation (2 vols., London, 1705-06). These addresses won him the reputation of the leading English metaphysician for the next quarter of a century, but his rationalism exposed him to the criticisms of the ultraconservatives on the one hand, while his orthodoxy brought upon him the attacks of the deists on the other. In 1706 he assailed the doctrine maintained by the nonjuror Henry Dodwell that the soul receives immortality only through baptism, and in the same year was presented to the r.'ctory of St. Benet's, London, holding this until 1700, when Queen Anne made him rector of St. James s, Westminster. There, however, he gave offense in 1712 by his Scripture Doctrine of the Trinity, which exposed him to the charge of Arianism. A prolonged controversy ensued, and the m:itter was finally taken up by the House of f '(invocation, the lower house being especially h{>stilc. Tlic upper house ])r:iftically dropped llie case, anil Cl:irk(^ refrained from giving furtheioffense, althdut:!! he does not seem to h:i\ e alterecl his views. ,\l)out 1718 he w;is appointed masler of Wigstoii's Hospital, Leieesd r, hut the remainder
of his life was devoted to philosophy rather than theology. He became involved in a controversy with Leibnitz, Clarke declaring that time and space have a real existence, and the correspondence was published at London in 1717. He had many adherents among the Latitudinarians and metaphysicians, including Bishop Berkeley, Arthur Collier, Francis Hutcheson, Bishop Butler, William Whiston, Sir Isaac Newton, and Bishop Hoadly. The High-church party, on the other hand, was hostile to him. Clarke's writings included, in addition to those already mentioned, sermons, a Latin translation of Newton's Optics (London, 1706), and editions of Caisar (1712) and the Iliad (1729j. They were collected and edited by Bishop Benjamin Hoadly in four volumes (London, 1738).
Bibliography: W. Whiston, Historical Memoirs of . Dr. Samuel Clarke, London, 1741 (contains A. A. Syke's Elogium of Samuel Clarke, and T. Emlyn's Memoirs of . Dr. Samuel Clarke); the Life, by B. Hoadly, was prefixed to his Works, ib. 1738; DNB, x. 443-446.
CLARKE, WILLIAM NEWTON: Baptist; b. at Cazenovia, N. Y., Dec. 2, 1841. He was graduated at Madison (now Colgate) University (B.A., 1861) and Hamilton Theological Seminary, Hamilton, N. Y. (1863). He held Baptist pastorates at Keene, N. H. (1863-69), Newton Centre, Mass. (1869-80), and Montreal, Canada (1880-83). He was professor of New Testament interpretation in the Toronto Baptist College 1883-87, and pastor at Hamilton, N. Y., 1887-90. Since 1890 he has been professor of Christian theology in Colgate University. His theological position " is intended to present the substance of the Scriptural teaching, interpreted by Christian thought, in the light of modern knowledge." He has written a Commentary on the Gospel of Mark (Philadelphia, 1882); Outline of Christian Theology (New York, 1898); What Shall We Think of Christianity f (1899); Can I Believe in God the Father? (1899); A Study of Christian Missions (1900); and The Use of the Scriptures in Theology (1905).
CLARKSON, THOMAS: Antislavery agitator; b. at Wisbeach (35 m. n. of Cambridge), Cambridgeshire, England, Mar. 28', 1760; d. at Playford Hall, near Ipswich, Sept. 26, 1846. He studied at St. John's College, Cambridge (B.A., 1783). In 1785 he won a prize for a Latin essay upon the negative side of the question " whether involuntaiy servitude is justifiable " (Eng. transl., London, 1786; enlarged, 1788). Thenceforth the story of his life is the history of the antislavery struggle. He labored with indefatigable perseverance in collecting and disseminating information, and spent most of his modest fortune upon this cause. His labors were crowned with success under the lead of William Wilberforce (q.v.). Of his many writings concerning slavery the most important is The History of the Abolition of
the African Slave Trade by the British Parliament (2 vols., London, ISOS; new ed., 1839). He also wrote A Piirtraiture of Quaker ism (3 vols., ISOCi); Memoirs of William Penn (2 vols., 1813);
.All Essa]! on the Doctrine and Practice of the Early Christians as they Relate to War (1.S17); Researches, Aiitediiuvian, Pcdriarchal , ami Historieed concerning