HOUSE COMMUNION, PRIVATE COMMUNION.
See Lord's Supper, V., § 2.
HOVEY, huv'§, ALVAH: Baptist; b. at Greene, N. Y., Mar. 5, 1820; d. at Newton Centre, Mass., Sept. 6, 1903. He was educated at Dartmouth College (B.A., 1844), and after being principal of New London Academy, N. H. (1844-45), entered Newton Theological Institution, from which he was graduated in 1848. He then preached for a year at New Gloucester, Me., and in 1849 returned to Newton Theological Institution, where he was librarian and instructor in Hebrew (1849-55), and professor of church history (1853-55). In 1855 he was appointed professor of theology and Christian ethics, a position which he retained until 1900, when he retired from active life. From 1868 to 1900 he was also president of Newton Theological Institution. Besides translating F. M. Perthes' Life of St. Chrysostom (in collaboration with D. B. Ford; Boston, 1854) and editing The Complete Commentary on the New Testament (7 vols., Philadelphia, 1881-90), to which he himself contributed the volumes on John (1885) and Galatians (1890), he wrote The Life of Rev. Isaac Backus (Boston, 1858) ; The State of the Impenitent Dead (1859); The Miracles of Christ as Attested by the Evangelists (1864); The
How
Howie
THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Scriptural Law of Divorce (Philadelphia, 1866); God with Us; or, The Person and Work of Christ (Boston, 1872); Normal Class Manual (in collaboration with J. M. Gregory; Philadelphia, 1873); Religion and the State (Boston, 1&74) ; The Doctrine of the Higher Christian Life Compared with the Teachings of the Holy Scriptures (1876); Manual of Systematic Theology and Christian Ethics (1877); Biblical Eschatohgy (Philadelphia, 1888); Studies in Ethics and Religion (Boston, 1892); Christian Teaching and Life (Philadelphia, 1895); and Barnas Sears, a Christian Educator (Boston, 1903).
HOW, WILLIAM WALSHAM: Church of England, bishop of Wakefield; b. at Shrewsbury (38 m. s. of Chester), Shropshire, Dec. 13, 1823; d. in the west of Ireland Aug. 10, 1897. He was educated at Wadham College, Oxford (B.A., 1845), and was ordered deacon in 1846 and ordained priest in the following year. He was successively curate of St. George's, Kidderminster (1846-48), and of Holy Cross, Shrewsbury (1848-49), and rector of Whittington (1851-79). He was likewise diocesan inspector of schools in 1852-70, rural dean of Oswestry in 1S53-79, prebendary of Llanfynydd and chancellor of St. Asaph's Cathedral in 1859-88, select preacher at Oxford in 1868-69, proctor of the diocese of St. Asaph in 1869-79, and examining chaplain to the bishop of Lichfield in 1878-79. After having declined no less than five bishoprics, a canonry, and three important livings, he accepted the suffragan see of Bedford, with episcopal supervision of East London, and was consecrated in 1879, drawing his income from the rectorate of St. Andrew Undershaft and St. Mary Axe, and from the prebend of Brondesbury in St. Paul's Cathedral, all of which he held from 1879 to 1888. In the latter year he was translated to the newly created see of Wakefield. While in East London he took a keen interest in the spiritual upbuilding of his diocese and founded the East London Church Fund, for which he raised large sums. Among his numerous writings special mention may be made of his Daily Family Prayers for Churchmen (London, 1852); Plain Words (4 series, 1859-80) ; Psalm li. : A Course of Seven Lenten Lectures (1861); Twenty-four Practical Sermons (1861); Commentary on the Four Gospels (4 vols., 1863-68); Pastor in Parochia (1868); Manual for the Holy Communion (1868); Private Life and Ministrations of a Parish Priest (1873) ; The Revision of the Rubrics (1878); Holy Communion Companion (1882); Lectures on Pastoral Work (1883); Notes on the Church Service (1884); Words of Good Cheer (1885); Knowledge of God, and Other Sermons (1892); and The Closed Door: Instructions and Meditations given at Retreats and Quiet Days ( 1898) . Bishop How was also an excellent writer of hymns, and besides revising Mrs. C. Brock's Children's Hymn Book (London, 1881), assisted T. B. Morrell in preparing Psalms and Hymns (London, 1854), and was one of the compilers of Church Hymns (1871). His own hymns are collected in his Poems and Hymns (London, 1886). Among them some of the best-known are " O Jesu, Thou art standing;" "For all the Saints who from their labours rest;" "We give Thee but Thine own;"
"Lord, Thy children guide and keep;" "O Holy Lord, content to live; " "O Word of God Incarnate;" "Who is this so weak and helpless?" and "Before Thine awful presence, Lord." Bibliography: F. D. How, Bishop Walsham How: A Memoir (London, 1898); S. W. Duffield, English Hymns, p. 442, New York, 1886; Julian, Hymnology, p. 540; DNB, supplement, iii. 1-2.
HOWARD, EDWARD HENRY: Cardinal; b. at Nottingham, England, Feb. 13, 1829; d. at Brighton, England, Sept. 16, 1892. He was educated at Oscott and Edinburgh, and after serving as an officer in the Second Life Guards, entered the Church and was ordained to the priesthood in 1854. In the following year he attached himself to the service of the pope, and his entire ecclesiastical career, except for a year in India, where he was sent to end the Goa schism, was spent in Italy. He was consecrated titular bishop of Neoca?sarea in 1872 and appointed bishop coadjutor of Frascati, although he retained the latter dignity only a few weeks. In 1877 he was created cardinal priest of San Giovanni e San Paolo on the Ccelian Hill, while in the following year he was appointed protector of the English College in Rome. Three years later (1881) he was made archpriest of the Basilica of St. Peter, and thus became prefect of the Congregation of the Fabric. He was elevated to the rank of cardinal bishop in 1884, and translated once more to his see of Frascati, but three years later (1887) was stricken with severe illness and was taken to England early in the following year, where he remained until his death. Bibliography: DNB, supplement, iii. 2-3.
HOWARD, JOHN: English philanthropist and reformer; b. at Hackney, London, Sept. 2, 1726; d. at Kherson (92 m. e.n.e. of Odessa), Russia, Jan. 20, 1790. He was educated in private schools at Hertford and London, and was apprenticed by his father, a retired merchant, to a firm of wholesale grocers in London. On the death of his father in 1742 he bought his release from his debentures and went on a Continental tour. On his return he settled at Stoke Newington. In 1756 he started for Lisbon, but the vessel in which he had embarked was captured by a privateer, and crew and passengers were thrown into prison at Brest. Having been released on parole, he returned to England and negotiated an exchange for himself. The same year he was made a fellow of the Royal Society. He now took up his residence at Cardington, Bedfordshire, where he busied himself in the erection of elementary schools and model cottages for his tenants. He visited Holland in 1767, but returned in a month. In 1769 he was again on the Continent and was gone a year. On Feb. 8, 1773, he was appointed high sheriff of Bedfordshire.
Howard now entered upon his career as a prisonreformer, in the course of which he carried his investigations into almost every large city in Europe and spent some £30,000 of his fortune. Shocked by the abuses incident to the fee-system in the jails of his own county, he began visiting the jails of adjoining counties in order to find a precedent for putting the jailers of Bedford upon salaries. These investigations, which were gradually pushed further and further, till he had visited most of the county jails