RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Palimpsest Pallotti
Bibliography: A worthy addition to the literature of the Lausiac History is The Paradise or Garden of the Holy Fathers, Eng. transl. from the Syriac with notes and Introduction by E. A. W. Budge, London, 1907. Consult:
E. Preuschen, Palladius und Rufinus, Giessen, 1897;
F. Lucius, in ZKG, vii (1885), 163 sqq.; E. Amelineau, De historia Lausiaca, Paris, 1887; O. Zockler, Askese und Mbnchtum, pp. 217-220, Frankfort, 1897; C. Butler, The Lausiac History of Palladius, Cambridge, 1898; J. O. Hannay, The Spirit and Origin of Christian Monasticism, pp. 277 sqq., London, 1903; DCB, iv. 173-176.
PALLADIUS THE DEACON: Alleged first missionary to Ireland. See Celtic Church in Britain and Ireland, I. 2, § 3.
PALLAVICINO, pal'la'-vi-chi'no (PALLAVICINI), SFORZA: Italian cardinal; b. at Rome Nov. 20, 1607; d. at the same place June 5, 1667. He was ordained priest in 1630, entered the Society of Jesus in 1637, and two years later was made professor of philosophy at the Jesuit College at Rome, and in 1643 became professor of theology. He took part in the congregation convened by Innocent X. to examine Jansenism, and in 1659 was created cardinal by Alexander VII., whose life he wrote. The most important of his works was the Istoria del concilio di Trento (2 vols., Rome, 1656-57; best later edition by F. A. Zaccaria, 6 vols., Faenza, 1792-99; Lat. transl. by G. B. Giattini, 2 vols., Antwerp, 1670). This work was inspired by Cardinal Bernardino Spada between 1651 and 1653, in part to refute the history of the same council by the Venetian Servite monk, Paolo Sarpi; and it is naturally strongly colored in the papal interest.
(Paul Tschackert.)
Bibliography: For his other writings, cf. KL, ix. 1310-12. Interesting details are given in Ranke, Popes, i. 88 et passim, ii. 331, 334, 374, iii. nos. 22, 130, 165. Consult further: The New Politick Lights of Modem Homes Church- Government, or the New Gospel according to Cardinal Palavicini Revealed . in his Hist, of the Council of Trent, London, 1678, another version of which is The Policy of Rome; or, the true Sentiments of the Court and Cardinals there concerning Religion and the Gospel, ib. 1681.
PALLIUM: An ecclesiastical vestment, consisting of a white woolen scarf, a handbreadth wide, bearing six black crosses, either embroidered or superposed in silk. It is draped over the breast and shoulders, and is worn when the possessor is officiating pontifically. Both its origin and its significance are disputed. Some derive it from the highpriest's frontlet, or his mantle; others from the official scarf of secular dignitaries; others from the mantle of the Greeks. The mystical interpretation is most in favor, that the pallium denotes the successors of the Lord who seeks the lost sheep, and when he has found it, bears it on his shoulders. The pallium passed over from the East to the West, where the bishop of Rome bestows it on his associated metropolitans. The independent exercise of pontifical acts in his archdiocese is not lawful for the metropolitan before obtaining the pallium; though none of his rights of jurisdiction are thus forbidden, save the convening of a synod. When the pallium is conferred, the archbishop who receives it must render the usual oath of obedience to the pope. The pallium designates the supremely personal relationship of the archbishop as head of a definite ecclesiastical province; hence when a
new province is acquired, a new pallium must be requested. It is not transferable and is buried with the possessor. In the papal documentary acts of bestowal, the days are indicated on which the pallium may be worn, though the pope himself wears it on all due occasions. The archbishop may wear the pallium only within his ecclesiastical province, and even there only in the churches. See Agnes, Saint; and Vestments and Insignia, Ecclesiastical. E. Sehling.
Bibliography: Mann, Popes, i. 413-419; I. G. Pertsch, De origine, usu, et auctoritate pallii archiepiscopali, Leipsic, 1754; T. H. Passmore, Sacred Vestments, chap, xvii., London, 1899; L. Duchesne, Christian Worship, passim, London, 1904; and the literature under Vestments and Insignia, Ecclesiastical.
PALLOTTI, VINCENZO, PALLOTTINIANS: Roman Catholic priest and the order which he founded for the maintenance, extension, and promotion of Christian piety and Christian belief. Vincenzo Pallotti was born at Rome Apr. 21, 1795; d. Jan. 22, 1850, buried at Onda (10 m. w.s.w. of Castellon de la Plana), Spain. He distinguished himself early by his humility, self-abnegation, and exercise of charity, and was ordained priest in 1818. Though a secular priest, he followed the discipline and fasting of the Capuchins. After a vision in 1835, he determined, in view of the decline of the devotion to God among Christians and the enormous multitude of heathen, to found a communion which, under the guardianship of Mary, should promote the salvation of mankind to the utmost. Gregory XVI. approved the society in 1835 and granted special privileges which Pius IX. in 1847 indorsed and extended. In 1904, Pius X. approved the statutes for a period of six years.
The society comprises three classes. The first class includes common priests subject to the statutes of Pallotti, secular priests not under a vow, and lay-brethren. The members retain their private property which is administered for sacred objects. The novice pledges himself (each year temporarily until the third, and then permanently) to live in community; to poverty, celibacy, and obedience; and to remain in the communion. The object is, above all, self-sanctification, and then the dissemination of the sacraments, preaching, catechizing of boys, the conduct of public missions and exercises, the conduct of houses of discipline and retirement, and finally foreign missions. The hab.t is a black robe with attached mantle, to which is added, for outside use, a black outer garment and a Roman hat. The lay-brethren render a vow of celibacy to their confessor for a certain time, perform domestic tasks, attend to the instruction of boys, and render assistance in the foreign mission. At the head of the first class stands the rector-general elected for a term of three years, with reelection permissible.
The second class consists of the sisters of the apostolate who live so far as possible according to the statutes of the Pallottinians, but particularly according to the third rule of St. Francis. Their duties are the instruction of youth in schools and assistance in the foreign mission. Their number is more than 200. The third class, the so-called " Ag-
Palm Sunday Palmer