RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Saints Salmasius
tianity upon National Character Illustrated by the Lives of the English Saints, ib. 1902. For other countries: G. Sainati, Vite dei Santi nati nella Diocesi Pisana, Pisa, 1884; E. Noyes, Saints of Italy, London, 1901; E. P. M. Sauvage, Actes des saintes de Rouen, Rouen, 1884 sqq.; C. A. Bernoulli, Die Heiligen der Merowinger, Tubingen, 1900; A. Legrand, Les Vies des saints de la Bretagne Armorique, Quimper, 1901; Mary Hamilton, Greek Saints and their Festivals, London, 1910; T. F. Maeken, The Canonization of Saints, ib., 1910.
On the saint3 in art consult the literature under Aet and Chuhch; Painting, Illustrative and Decorative, Christian; and Sculpture, Christian Use of; and the following: C. E. Clement, The Saints in Art, London, 1899; N. Bell, The Saints in Christian Art, 3 vols., ib. 1901-04; Margaret E. Tabor, The Saints in Art; with their Attributes and Symbols alphabetically arranged. New York, 1908.
SAKKOS. See Vestments and Insignia, Ecclesiastical.
SALEM WITCHCRAFT. See Witchcraft.
SALES, FRANCIS DE. See Francis, Saint, of Sales.
SALIG, sa'lig, CHRISTIAN AUGUST: German Lutheran church historian; b. at Domersleben, near Magdeburg, Apr. 6, 1692; d. at Wolfenbiittel (32 m. s.e. of Hanover) Oct. 3, 1738. He was educated at the universities of Halle (1707-10) and Jena (1710-12), and, after preaching in his native town for two years, returned to Halle, where he lectured on philology, theology, and history. Here he published his Philosophumena veterum et recentiorum de anima et ejus immortalitate (Halle, 1714) and took part in editing the Neue hallische Bibliothek. In 1717 he became associate rector of the lyceum at Wolfenbiittel, a position which he held until his death. Drawing his materials almost entirely from the great library at Wolfenbiittel, Salig wrote his De Eutychianismo ante Eutychium (Wolfenbiittel, 1723), a work which drew upon him the suspicion of Nestorianism, and thus inspired him to write a voluminous Eutychianismi historia, which was never published. He wrote also De diptychis veterum, tarn profanis quam sacris (Halle, 1731), but his fame is chiefly due to his labors in the history of the Reformation. He began with the Vollstandige Historie der augsburgischen Konfession und derselben Apologie (Halle, 1730). This was followed in 1733-35 by the Vollstandige Historie der augsburgischen Konfession und derselben zugethanen Kirchen (omitting the Scandinavian churches), in which an unmistakable sympathy is shown for the followers of C. Schwenkfeld (see Schwenkfeld von Ossig, Caspar, Schwenkfeldians) and V. Krautwald. The conclusion of the series appeared posthumously under the title Vollstandige Historie des tridentinischen Konziliums (3 vols., ed. S. A. Ballenstedt and J. S. Baumgarten, Halle, 1741-45). (T. Kolde.)
Bibliography: J. A. Ballenstedt, De vita et obitu . .
C. A. Saligii, Helmstadt, 1738; F. K. Hirsching, His-
torisch-litterarisches Handbuch. x. 79, Leipsic, 1807; J. M.
H. Doring, Die Gelehrten Theologen Deutschlands, iii. 692,
Neustadt, 1833.
SALISBURY, selz'bur-i (NEW SARUM) : Capital of Wiltshire, England (78 m. w.s.w. of London), the seat of a bishopric, with a population of 21,900 (1901). The cathedral, one of the best examples of early English architecture, was built 1220-58 and X— 12
restored since 1868. The cloisters, of the thirteenth century, are the most perfect in England, and constitute a square with sides of 181 feet. Bibliography: W. H. R. Jones, Documents Illustrating the Hist, of the Cathedral, City and Diocese of Salisbury in the 12th and 13th Centuries, Salisbury, 1891; G. D. Boyle, Salisbury Cathedral, London, 1897; C. Wordsworth, Ceremonies and Processions of the Cathedral Church of Salisbury, Cambridge, 1901.
SALLE, JEAN BAPTISTE DE LA. See Christian Brothers.
SALMANTICENSES, sal-man-ti-sen'sis: Two extensive scholastic compilations of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, prepared by Discalced Carmelites at Salamanca. The first was a presentation of Thomistic dogmatics, and the second a compend of Roman Catholic moral theology. The two were preceded by the Discalced Carmelite Complutenses, or Collegium Complutense philosophicum, hoc est, artium cursus sive disputationes in Aristotelis dialecticam et philosophiam naturalem juxta angelici doctoris divi Thomce doctrinam et ejus scholam (5 vols., Alcala, 1624-25). The dogmatic work of the Salamanca Carmelites bore the title of Cursus theologicus, Summam theologicam divi Thomce doctoris angelici complectens (9 vols., Salamanca, 1631 sqq.; 3d ed., by Palmi, Paris, 20 vols., 1871-85). The theological standpoint of the dogmatics is strictly Thomistic, frequently assailing the semi-Pelagianism of Molina, and more or less opposed to the Jesuits. The moral compend, or Cursus theologice moralis (6 vols., Salamanca, 1665 sqq.), on the other hand, is more akin to the Jesuit scholastic in its probabilism. The chief collaborators on the dogmatics were Antonius de Olivero (Antonius a Matre Dei), Dominicus a Santa Theresa, and Johannes ab Annuntiatione; and on the morals Franciscus a Jesu Maria, Andreas a Matre Dei, Sebastianus a Joachim, and Ildefonsus ab Angelis.
(O. ZoCKLERf.) Bibliography: N. Antonius, Bibliotheca Hispanica, i. 113, ii. 220, Rome, 1672; K. Werner, Thomas von Aquin, iii. 361 sqq., Regensburg, 1859; J. J. I. von Dollinger and F. H. Reusch, Geschichte der Moralstreitigkeiten in der romisch-katholischen Kirche, i. 61, 410 sqq., Bonn, 1887; Heimbucher, Orden und Kongregationen, ii. 564; KL, x. 1565.
SALMASIUS, sal-me'shi-us, CLAUDIUS (CLAUDE DE SAUMAISE): French Protestant polyhistor; b. at Semuren-Auxois (128 m. s.e. of Paris) Apr. 15, 1588; d. at Spaa (18 m. s.e. of Liege), Belgium, Sept. 3, 1653. While a student of philosophy at Paris (1604-06), he professed Calvinism, and later studied jurisprudence at Heidelberg (1606-09). Returning to France, he became an advocate at Dijon, but feeling himself impeded in such a career by his Protestantism, he turned to literature, and quickly became renowned throughout Europe. He accepted, in 1632, the offer to succeed Joseph Scaliger at Ley den. Here his scope as an author spread constantly. At the height of his fame he defended the cause of the Stuarts and Charles I. against the commonwealth, in his anonymous Defensio regia pro Carolo I. (Leyden, 1649), which provoked the anger of Milton, to whom he replied in his posthumous Ad Miltonum responsio (Divione, 1660). In 1650 he accepted the call of Christina of Sweden to
Salmeron Salvation