THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
remained popular in conventicles. His Nodige ivaarheden in 't hertc van een Christen (Groningen, 173S) was designed primarily for those who were about to make profession of their faith. His chief work was the Het innige Christendom voorge-
stelt in t' samenspraken tuschen een geoefende, begenadigde, kleingeloovige en onbegenadigde (1740). In this work the author became the representative of Pietism in the Dutch Reformed Church of the eighteenth century, and gave a description of, and counsel for, a life of practical holiness. It caused a lively controversy because of its mystical trend, and its author secured the requisite approbation of the theological faculty of Groningen only with difficulty. Within the year a second edition appeared with the approbation of the classis to which Schortinghuis belonged, but his opponents secured from the Synod of Groningen the prohibition of a third edition until the doubts of the faculty should be satisfied. The strife was even carried outside his own synod. Despite all this, the Het innige Christendom exercised a wide influence.
(S. D. van Veen.)
Bibliography: H. van Berkum, Schortinghuis en de vijf nieten, Utrecht, 1859; J. C. Kromsigt, Wilhelmus Schortinghuis, Groningen, 1904.
SCHOTT, shot, HEINRICH AUGUST: German Lutheran; b. at Leipsic Dec. 5, 1780; d. at Jena Dec. 29, 1835. He was educated at the university of his native city (Ph.D., 1799); lectured there on theology and philology (1801-05), being morning university preacher after 1803; was associate professor in the philological faculty (1805-08); and in the theological faculty (1808-09); full professor and preacher at the castle church at Wittenberg (1809- 1812); and at Jena from 1812. While at Leipsic Schott edited the Ars rhetorica of Dionysius of Halicarnassus (Leipsic, 1804), and the Greek text of the New Testament with a Latin translation (1805), and wrote his Entwurf einer Theorie der Beredsamkeit mit besonderer Anwendung auf Kanzelberedsamkeit ( 1 807) . At Wittenberg he composed his Epitome theologies Christiana (1810). His chief work was Theorie der Beredsamkeit, mit besonderer Anwendung auf die christliche Beredsamkeit (3 parts, Leipsic, 1815-28). Special mention should be made of his Isagoge historico-critica in libros Novi Foederis sacros (Jena, 1830) and his Latin commentary on Thessalonians and Galatians (Leipsic, 1834). His apologetic contributions, such as his Briefe uber Religion (Jena, 1826), are of minor value. A number of briefer contributions from his pen were collected in his Opuscula (2 vols., 1817-18). (L. Pelt-)-.)
Bibliography: J. T. L. Danz, Heinrich August Schott, Leipaic, 1836.
SCHOTT, THEODOR FRIEDRICH: German Lutheran and historian; b. at Esslingen (17 m. e.s.e. of Stuttgart) Dec. 16, 1835; d. at Stuttgart Mar. 18, 1899. He was educated at the seminary of Blaubeuren and Tubingen (1853-57), and after being vicar for two years at Bopfingen and Kongen, was a teacher at Hofwyl near Bern from 1859 to 1861; then he studied the history of the French and Italian Reformation at Paris for three months, and, after a short term as vicar, he became teacher
of religion at the Stuttgart gymnasium. He was next pastor at Berg, a suburb of Stuttgart, for six years (1867-73), and from 1S73 until his death was librarian of the public library in Stuttgart. He was likewise a director of the Wiirttemberg branch of the Gustav-Adolph-Verein and helped found the Verein fur Reformationsgeschichte, and was also active in philanthropic work. After 1876 he was editor of the Allgemeines Kirchenblatt fur das evangelische Deutschland, and, besides many briefer contributions, wrote Hugenottengeschichten (Stuttgart, 1869); Die Aufhebung des Ediktes von Nantes (Halle, 1886); and Die Kirche der Wiiste 1757-87 (1893).
(H. Hermelink.)
Bibliography : Biographisches Jahrbuch, ed. A. Bettelheim, iv (1899), 75-77.
SCHRADER, shra'der, EBERHARD: German Protestant Orientalist; b. at Brunswick Jan. 5, 1836; d. at Berlin July 4, 1908. He was educated at the University of Gottingen (Ph.D., 1860), and 1862 became privat-docent at the University of Zurich, where he was appointed full professor of theology in 1863. In 1870 he was called to Giessen in a similar capacity, and thence to Jena in 1S73. From 1875 until his final retirement, brought about by impaired health in 1899, he was professor of Semitic languages in the philosophical faculty of the University of Berlin. He was the pioneer of Assyriology in Germany. Besides editing the eighth edition of W. M. L. de Wette's Lehrbuch der historischkritischen Einleitung in die kanonischen und apokryphischen Biicher des Allen Testaments (Berlin, 1869) and the Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek (6 vols., 1889- 1901), he wrote De linguae JEthiopicoz cum cognatis Unguis comparatm indole (Gottingen, 1860) ; Studien zur Kritik und Erklarung der biblischen Urgeschichte (Stuttgart, 1863) ; Die assyrisch-babylonischen Kcilinschriften, kritische Untersuchung der Grundlagen ihrer Entzifferung (Leipsic, 1872); Die Keilinschriften und das Alte Testament (Giessen, 1872; 3rd ed., entirely revised, by H. Zimmern and H. Winckler, Berlin, 1902; Eng. trans, of the second edition, The Cuneiform Inscriptions and the Old Testament, by O. C. Whitehouse, 2 vols., London, 1885-88) ; Die Hollenfahrt der Istar (Giessen, 1874) ; Kcilinschriften und Geschichtsforschung, ein Beitrag zur monumcntalcn Geographic, Geschichte und Chronologie der Assyrer (1878); Zur Kritik der Inschriften Tiglath-Pilcser's II, des Asarhaddon und des Asurbanipal (Berlin, 1880) ; Zur Frage nach dem Ursprunge der altbabylonischen Cultur (1884); and Die Keil 'inschriften am Eingange der Quellgrotte des Sebcnch-Su (1SS5).
Bibliography: C. Bezold, Eberhard Schroder. Eine Lebensskizze, Strasburg, 1909; E. Meyer, Gedachtnisrede auf Eberhard Schroder, Berlin, 1909; O. C. Y.'hitehouse, in Expository Times, Dec, 1910, pp. 104-108.
SCHROECKH, shruk, JOHANN MATTHIAS: German Lutheran; b. at Vienna July 26, 1733; d. at Wittenberg Aug. 1, 1808. After completing his education at Gottingen, he spent a year at Leipsic in further study and assisting his uncle. Karl Andreas Bell, to edit the Acta critditorum and Leipziqet Gelehrten Zcitunijcn. Still continuing his editorial labors, he lectured at the university on parts of the New Testament, as well as on literary history and