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college at Niesky (1858), and at the theological seminary at Gnadenfeld, Silesia (1861). He was then a teacher in the French Academy at Lausanne, Switzerland (1861-62), and classical instructor in the college at Niesky (1862-70). In 1870 he left Germany for the United States, and has since been connected with the Moravian College and Theological Seminary at Bethlehem, Pa., first as professor of exegesis and dogmatics until 1885, and then as president. From 1881 to 1893 he was one of the three members of the governing board of his denomination in America. Besides editing Der Bruder Botschafter for several years, he has written History of the Widow's Society of Bethlehem (Bethlehem, Pa., 1880); Aarlig Dagbog (1888); Die Missionsfelder der erneuerten Bruderkirche (1890); Grammar and Vocabulary of the Eskimo Language of Northwestern Alaska (1894); The Theology of Peter and Paul (1896) ; Guide to the Old Moravian Cemetery at Bethlehem (1898); The Books of the Bible Analyzed (1902); and Christian Doctrine and Systematic Theology (1909).
SCHULTZE, BENJAMIN: Missionary to India and Translator of the Bible. See India, II., § 2.
SCHULTZ, MAXIMILIAN VIKTOR: German Lutheran; b. at Fiirstenberg (a village near Corbach, 28 m. s.w. of Cassel), Waldeck, Dec. 13, 1851. He was educated at the universities of Basel, Jena, Strasburg, and Gottingen, and, after several years of study in Italy, became privat-docent at the University of Leipsic in 1879. In 1884 he was called to Greifswald as associate professor of church history and church archeology, where he has been professor of the same subject since 1888. He has written or edited Die Katakomben von San Gennaro dei Poveri in Neapel (Jena, 1877); Archdologische Studien fiber altchristliche Monumente (Vienna, 1880) ; Die Katakomben, ihre Geschichte und ihre Monumente (Leipsic, 1882); Das evangelische Kirchengebaude, ein Ratgeber fur Geistliche und Freunde kirchlicher Kunst (1886); Geschichte des Untergangs des griechisch-romischen Heidentums (2 vols., Jena, 1887-92); Das Kloster San Marco in Florenz (Leipsic, 1888) ; Die altchristlichen Bildwerke und die wissenschaftliche Forschung (1889); Archdologie der altchristlichen Kunst (Munich, 1895); Waldeckische Reformationsgeschichte (Leipsic, 1903) ; Codex Waldeccensis, unbekannte Fragmente einer griechisch-lateinischen Bibelhandschrift (Munich, 1904); Geschichts- und Kunstdenkmaler der koniglichen Universitat Greifswald (1906); Die altchristlichen Grabstdtten Siciliens (1907) ; Philipp Nicolai (1908); and Waldeckische Landeskunde.. (1909).
SCHULZ, shults, ALPHONS: German Roman Catholic; b. at Karchau (a village near Nimptsch, 29 m. s.w. of Breslau) Apr. 27. 1871. He studied at the lyceum of Braunsberg and the University of Munster (1891-97; D.D., Minister, 1897), and in Jerusalem (1897-98). He was privat-docent for Old-Testament exegesis at the Lyceum of Braunsberg (1900-04); professor in the gymnasium of the same city (1901-04); and since 1904 has been associate professor of Old-Testament exegesis in the Lyceum. He has written De Psalmis gradualibus
(Munster, 1897); Quellen zur Geschichte des Eliot (Braunsberg, 1906); Gottliches und Menschliches im Alien Testament (1906); and DoppelberichU im Pentateuch (Freiburg, 1908).
SCHULZ, DAVID: German Lutheran; b. at Piirben, near Freystadt (75 m. n.w. of Breslau), Nov. 29, 1779; d. at Breslau Feb. 17, 1854. He was educated at the University of Halle (Ph.D., 1806), where he became privat-docent in 1806. On the closing of the university, he took a like position at Leipsic, but when Halle was reopened in 1808, Schulz returned to his alma mater. In 1809 he was appointed associate professor of theology and philosophy, but in the same year accepted a call to Frankfort as full professor of theology. With the incorporation of the University of Frankfort with that of Breslau in 1811, Schulz went to Breslau, retaining his professorship until blindness forced him to retire from active life. Theologically he was a rationalist. His exegetical and critical writings are antiquated, though his polemic works still possess a certain historical interest. His principal works, which are prolix and repetitive, are: Der Brief an die Hebraer (Breslau, 1818); Die chrisbliche Lehre vom heiligen Abendmahl (Leipsic, 1824); Was heisst Glauben und wer sind die Unglaubigen? (1830); and Die Geistesgeben der ersten Christen (Breslau, 1836). He edited the third edition of the first volume (containing the Gospels) of J. J. Griesbach's Novum Testamentum Greece (Berlin, 1827). (J. J. HEEzoaf.)
SCHULZE, shul'tse, LUDWIG THEODOR: German Lutheran; b. at Berlin Feb. 27, 1833. He was educated at the university of his native city (lie. theol., 1856; Ph.D., 1858), where he became privat-docent for New-Testament exegesis and Biblical theology in 1859. Four years later he was called to Konigsberg as associate professor of theology, and was also chaplain of the house for deaconesses and a member of the committee on theological examinations. From 1866 to 1874 he was inspector of the Kloster unserer lieben Frauen at Magdeburg and head of the seminary for the training of teachers of religion at the gymnasium. Since 1874 he has been professor of dogmatic theology and ethics at Rostock; he was rector magnificus of the University of Rostock in 1894 and has repeatedly been dean of the theological faculty. In theology his position is essentially conservative. He has written De fontibus ex quibus historia Hyc sorum haurienda sit (Berlin, 1858); Ueber die Wunder Jesu Christi, mit besonderem Bezug auf Renan (Konigsberg, 1864); Martha und Maria, zwei Lebensbilder rjich der heiligen Schrift (Gotha, 1865) ; Passions- und Osterfeier (sermons; 1866); Vom Menschensohn und vom Logos (1867); Friede im Herrn (sermons; 1871); Philipp Wackernagel, ein Lebensbild (Leipsic, 1879); Friedrich Adolf PhUippi, ein Lebensbild (Giitersloh, 1883); Luther und die evangelische Kirche (Rostock, 1883); August Neander, ein Lebensbild (Leipsic, 1890); Die Theologie der Offenbarung, ihr Wesen und ihre Aufgabe in der Gegenwart (Rostock, 1894) ; Die Irrtumslosigkeit Jesu (Giitersloh, 1908); and Unsere Quellen fur das Leben Jesu Christi (1909). He prepared the