THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
ae gn ep Sa ner ee
BisuiocRaPHy: K. Giitzlaff’s Leben und Heimgang, Berlin, 1851; G. R. Erdbrink, Giitelaff, de Apostel der Chinezen, Rotterdam, 1850.
HAMPDEN-COOK, ERNEST: English Congregationalist; b. in London Mar. 11, 1860. He was educated at University College, London (B.A., 1881), Owens College, and Lancashire Independent College, Manchester, and St. John’s College, Cambridge (B.A., 1885), and, besides being resident secretary of Mill Hill School, London (1891-96), has held Congregational pastorates at Cricklewood, London (1886-87), Thames Goldfield, New Zealand (1887-89), Broken Hills Silver Mines, New South Wales (1889-90), Dolgelley, Wales (1897-— 1900), and Sandbach, Cheshire (since 1900). Theologically he is a broad Evangelical and believes in three personal advents of Christ, holding that the second took place in 70 a.p., and that there is a third yet to come, death being meanwhile to the individual the coming of the Lord. Besides editing and partly revising The New Testament in Modern Speech (London, 1894; 3d ed., 1909) of R. F. Weymouth (q.v.) and being one of the translators of the Pauline epistles in The Twentieth Century New Testament (1900), he has compiled Register of Mill Hill School, London, from 1807 (1894) and written The Christ has Come: The Second Advent an Event of the Past (1894; 3d ed., 1904).
HEINZE, FRANZ FRIEDRICH MAXIMILIAN: German Lutheran, philosopher; b. at Priessnitz (a village near Borna, 16 m. s.s.e. of Leipsic) Dec. 13, 1835; d. at Leipsic Sept. 17, 1909. He was educated at the universities of Leipsic, Tiibingen, Erlangen, Halle, and Berlin (1854-60; Ph.D., Berlin, 1860), and after teaching in Schulpforta (1860- 1863) and being the instructor of the present grand duke of Oldenburg and his brother, became, in 1872, privat-docent in Leipsic. In 1874 he was called to Basel as professor, but the next year, after a few months at Kénigsberg, was transferred in a similar capacity to Leipsic, where he passed the remainder of his life. He was prochancellor of the university in 1877-88, dean of the philosophical faculty in 1880-81, and rector of the university in 1883-84. He was one of the contributors to the Hauck-Herzog RE, and also wrote Die Lehre vom Logos in der griechischen Philosophie (Oldenburg, 1872), Der Eudémonismus in der griechischen Philosophie, i. (Leipsic, 1883), and Vorlesungen Kants tiber Metaphysik aus drei Semestern (1894), besides editing the fifth to the tenth editions of F. Ueberweg’s Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie (Berlin, 1876-1907) and being one of the editors of the Vierteljahrsschrift fiir wissenschaftliche Philosophie.
HODGES, GEORGE: Protestant Episcopalian; b. at Rome, N. Y., Oct. 6, 1856. He was educated at Hamilton College (B.A., 1877) and was ordained to the priesthood in 1882. After being successively curate (1881-89) and rector (1889-94) of Calvary Church, Pittsburg, Pa., he became, in 1894, dean of the Episcopal Theological School at Cambridge, Mass., the position which he still holds. He has written The Episcopal Church (New York, 1889); Christianity between Sundays (1892); The Heresy of Cain (1894); This Present World
(1896); Faith and Social Service (1896); The Battles of Peace (1897); The Path of Life (1899); William Penn (Boston, 1900); Fountains Abbey (London, 1904); The Human Nature of the Saints (New York, 1904); The Cross and Passion (1904); When the King Came (Boston, 1904); Three Hundred Years of the Episcopal Church in America (Philadelphia, 1906); The Administration of an Institutional Church (in collaboration with J. Reichert; New York, 1906); The Happy Family (1906); The Pursuit of Happiness (1906); The Year of Grace (1907); Holderness: Account of the Beginnings of a New Hampshire Town (Boston, 1907); Apprenticeship of Washington (New York, 1909); The Garden of Eden (Boston, 1909); The Training of Children in Religion (New York, 1911); and Hveryman’s Religion (1911).
HOEFFDING, HARALD: Danish philosopher; b. at Copenhagen Mar. 11, 1843. He was educated at the university of his native city (cand. theol., 1865; Ph.D., 1870), and, after teaching in schools for several years, became, in 1880, privat-docent for philosophy at the University of Copenhagen, where he has been full professor of the same subject since 1883. Much influenced in his earlier years by 8. A. Kierkegaard (q.v.), H6éffding later turned to Positivism (q.v.). Among his writings the most noteworthy are Philosophien i Tydskland efter Hegel (Copenhagen, 1872), Den engelske Filosofi ¢ vor Tid (1874), Htik (1876), Spinozas Liv og Lere (1877), Psychologi i Omrids (1882; Eng. transl. by M. E. Lowndes, Outlines of Psychology, London, 1891), Psychologiske Underségelser (1889), Charles Darwin (1889), Séren Kierkegaard som Filosof (1892), Kontinuiteten t Kants filosofiske Udviklingsgang (1893), Den nyere Filosofis Historie (1894; Eng. transl. by B. E. Meyer, History of Modern Philosophy, 2 vols., London, 1900), Jean Jacques Rousseau og hans Filosofi (1896), Det psykologiske Grundlag for logiske Domme (1899), Mindre Arbejder (1899), and Philosophische Probleme (Leipsic, 1903; Eng. transl. by G. M. Fisher, Problems of Philosophy, London, 1906), and he is likewise the author of Philosophy of Religion (1901; Eng. transl. by B. E. Meyer, London, 1906), Modern Philosophers (1903), and Human Thought (1910).
ILLINGWORTH, JOHN RICHARDSON: Church of England; b. in London June 26, 1848. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford (B.A., 1871), and was ordered deacon in 1875 and priested in the following year. From 1872 to 1883 he was fellow of Jesus College, Oxford, and tutor of Keble College in the same university, and since the latter year he has been rector of Longworth, Berkshire, as well as honorary canon of Christ Church, Oxford, since 1905. He was select preacher at Oxford in 1882 and 1891 and at Cambridge in 1884 and 1895, and was Bampton lecturer in 1894. Besides two essays in Charles Gore’s Lua Mundi (London, 1890), he has written Sermons Preached in a College Chapel (London, 1888), University and Cathedral Sermons (1893), Personality, Human and Divine (Bampton lectures, 1894), Dwine Immanence (1898), Reason and Revelation (1902), Christian Character (1904), The Doctrine of the Trinity (1907), and Divine Transcendence and its Reflection in Religious Authority (1911).
JACKSON, SAMUEL MACAULEY: Editorin-chief of this Encyclopedia; b. in New York City June 19, 1851. He was graduated from the College of the City of New York (1870) and Union Theological Seminary (1873); was Presbyterian pastor at Norwood, N. J., 1876-80; and has since been engaged in literary work. He is honorary fellow of the Huguenot Society of London, president of the board of trustees of the Christian College of Canton, China, and president elect (1912) of the American Society of Church History.
KALOPOTHAKES, MICHAEL DEMETRIUS: Greek Protestant; b. at Areopolis (27 m. s. of Sparta), Laconia, Dec. 20, 1825; d. at Athens June 29, 1911. He came of a family of considerable distinction, and at the age of ten entered a school which had recently been established at Aeropolis by two American Presbyterian missionaries, G. W. Leyburn and 8. Houston, where he formed the habit of daily reading and study of the Bible. He then spent two years (1841-43) in the gymnasium at Athens, and on graduation was for five years head master of an intermediate school at Gytheion, in Laconia. After five years of study in the medical school of the University of Athens (M.D., 1853), Kalopothakes entered the army as a surgeon. In 1850 he had become a regular attendant at the services conducted by the American missionary Jonas King (q.v.), and when King was condemned judicially for attacking the Greek Church by publishing extracts from the Greek Church Fathers against the worship of the saints and of the Virgin, Kalopothakes, hitherto a member of the Orthodox Church, felt himself unable to remain connected with a communion which could countenance such a course on the part of the government. He accordingly determined to devote himself to the cause of religious liberty in Greece, and, after taking the regular course at Union Theological Seminary, New York City, he was ordained by the East Hanover Presbytery of Virginia in 1857 and returned to Greece to take up his life-work.
Perceiving that the only way of beginning his task would be through the press, to which the Greek constitution allows wide scope, Kalopothakes determined to found a religious paper which should stand for entire liberty of conscience, and be the means of disseminating Protestant doctrines among a far wider circle than could be reached by pulpitpreaching. He accordingly established, in 1858, the weekly (now fortnightly) ‘Star of the East,”
which, by reason of its criticisms of Wide Scope the established church, exposed its ediof his tor for nearly two decades to the most
Activities. virulent attacks from his opponents.
From 1859 until his retirement from active life in 1904 Kalopothakes was also Greek agent for the British and Foreign Bible Society, and for a few years he held a similar position under the American Bible Society until it withdrew from Greece in 1886. In this capacity Kalopothakes traveled widely throughout the country, often in considerable personal danger, but he succeeded in
Early Life and Con-
version to Protestantism.