PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 4
Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 324,655 words · 525 reading sections
Introduction 209)
insistence on the return of Onesimus to his master; and in the se- cond place, it may have some bearing on the words in vv. 18, 19) ‘ But if he hath wronged thee at all, or oweth thee aught, put that to mine account; I Paul write it with mine own hand, 1 will repay it’; these last words are perhaps meant literally,…
453 wordsSECTION 242Προς ®Iahmona!
Vincent, ‘‘ Philemon,” in the International Critical Commentary, 1897. The articles on Philemon in Hastings’ Dict. of the Bible and Cheyne’s Encycl. Biblica. For the abbreviations in the Apparatus Criticus see the Intro duction to St. James. The Greek text is that published by Nestle, 1907. I. ΠΑΥΛΟΣ "δέσμιος ” …
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212 i Rom. i. 18) 1Cor.i.4? . Phil. i. 3, ἢ 1 Thess. i. pav! καὶ Κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ. So οἶκόν σου ἐκκλησίᾳ ἢ" 3. χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη ἀπὸ Θεοῦ πατρὸς i 3 - - nm i 4. ᾿Εὐχαριστῶ τῷ Θεῷ μου Ν lal “- γ 2,2Thess, πάντοτε “ μνείαν σου ποιούμενος ἐπὶ τῶν προσευχῶν μου," 5. ἀκούων tse 4 : κ Rom.i.10, σου τὴν |…
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213 ᾿Ιησοῦν 1] καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς “ἁγίους, 6. ὅπως ἡ ἢ κοινωνία τῆς ο Eph. i. τ, , , 4 » Ν , 3 πίστεώς σου “ ἐνεργὴς γένηται ἐν a i ἐν ἡμῖν” εἰς Χριστόν ὅ "παράκλησιν ἐπὶ τῇ ἀγάπῃ σου, ὅτι τὰ "ἀναπέπαυται διὰ σοῦ, ᾿ αδελφέ. ἡ. χαρὰν" γὰρ Τπολλὴν ἔσχον καὶ 8. Διό, πολλὴν ἐν “ παρρησίαν ἔχων ὃ "ἐπιτάσσειν σοι …
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214 Η ‘ 9 A A“ - Ὁ τ Cor. ἵν. νυνὶ δὲ καὶ δέσμιος Χριστῦ ᾿Ιησοῦ, το. 1 Ίο. παρακαλῶ σε περὶ τοῦ 14, Gal, ος 5 Ν 5 ya Ε iv. 19, ἃ ἐμοῦ "τέκνου, ὃν “ ἐγέννησα ἐν τοῖς *Secp,ots,> "᾿Ονήσιμον, IT. im, 1. 2. ε1 Cor. ἵν. τὸν ' ποτέ σοι ἄχρηστον ἔ νυνὶ δὲ καὶ ὁ σοὶ καὶ ἐμοὶ ” εὔχρηστον, 15, Gal. a ΤΑ νι ΄ 6 ο.) 6 Cen…
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1ο. Ιδιακονῇ ἐν τοῖς δεσμοῖς τοῦ εὐαγγελίου, 14. χωρὶς δὲ τῆς σῆς! ™ γνώμης οὐδὲν ἠθέλησα ποιῆσαι, ἵνα μὴ ὡς κατὰ " ἀνάγκην τὸ 1 ἀγαθόν σου ἦ ἀλλὰ κατὰ ' ἑκούσιον. ΓΕ] , A oo Ὁ 3.» Or ᾳ ,3 »/ ἐχωρίσθη πρὸς ὥραν, ἵνα αἰώνιον αὐτὸν ἀπέχῃς, τό. οὐκέτι ὡς 215 Matt. XXVii. 55, Acts xix. 22, Rom. XV. 25, Heb. vi…
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216 , Ρ ἀποτίσω᾽ . ΕῚ Lal , c 2 Cor. ix. ἐμῇ χειρι, 4. d νε eg ΞΕ φέιλεις.] ΠΡῸΣ ΦΙΛΗΜΟΝΑ ζ20- Γ x / ο ϱ A , wa μὴ λέγω σοι οτι και σεαυτον μοι προσο- es 20. “vat, ἀδελφέ, ἐγώ σου " ὀναίμην ἐν kuplw* ἀνάπαυ- ε Lal ae Pa σόν µου τὰ σπλάγχνα ‘év Χριστῷ.2 21. " Πεποιθὼς τῇ " ὑπακοῇ om. Xvi. Ν ιο... σου ἔγραψ…
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Ver. 22. Gua... 3.¢., at the same time that he does what he is going to do for Onesimus. éroipaleé por: Light- foot’s remark that “‘ there is a gentle com- pulsion in this mention of a personal visit to Colossae,” does not seem justified in view of the stress that St. Paul lays on Philemon’s action being wholly …
368 wordsSECTION 249Introduction.
ἢ ie 0] μα πρ η { i γή, History OF THE Epistie. The early history of this Epistle has already been so fully narrated in various accessible volumes, that a bare outline may here suffice. Its chief interest is the illustration it gives of the difficulties which an anonymous book had to overcome before it won for …
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formed in the first half of that century, and Tertullian, though object- ing to his omission of the Pastoral Epistles, makes no remark upon his rejection of Hebrews. In the latter half of the century Roman opinion is represented by the Muratorian canon, which makes no mention of the Epistle at all, unless, as some …
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‘gave my opinion, I should say that the thoughts are those of the Apostle, but the phrasing and composition are those of some one who remembered what the teacher had said. If then any church holds this Epistle to be Paul’s, let it be commended for this. For not without reason (εἰκῆ) have our predecessors (οἱ ἀρχαῖο…
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Epistle. Inthe council of Hippo in 393, while Augustine was still a presbyter, and in the third council of Carthage, held in 398, the prevalent dubiety regarding the authorship of Hebrews found ex- pression in the enumeration of the New Testament books, “of the Apostle Paul, thirteen Epistles, of the same to the He…
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into personal allusions, substituting the syllogism of passion for the syllogism of logic. This writer is never ungrammatical, he is never irregular, he is never personal, he never struggles for expression ; he never loses himself in a parenthesis; he is never hurried into an anacoluthon. His style is the style of …
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abolition of the law. But to this writer, brought up in a more latitudinarian school and of a quieter temperament, the law was not this inexorable taskmaster, but rather a system of type and symbol foreshadowing the perfect fellowship with God secured by Christianity and revealed in Him. Both writers have the same …
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one meaning in Paul and another in this Epistle. Evidently the sug- gestion that Luke was on this occasion Paul's interpreter is quite insufficient to satisfy the conditions,’ If the Epistle cannot be ascribed to Paul, must we fall back upon Tertullian’s statement,? and accept Barnabas as the author? This solution…
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of Barnabas with the Church at Jerusalem only tells in his favour if that be considered the destination of the Epistle. It is, of course, a mere accident that his designation, υἱὸς παρακλήσεως (Acts iv. 36) should correspond with the description of this Epistle as a λόγος παρακλήσεως (Heb. xiii. 22). Harnack, who …
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double, predominantly feminine authorship advocated by Harnack. A single authorship is unquestionably demanded by certain expres- sions in the Epistle, as τί ἔτι λέγω, xi. 32; ἵνα τάχιον ἀποκατασταθῶ ὑμῖν, xiii, 19; and the singulars in xiii. 22,23. It is not possible to construe these singulars as referring to mor…
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We may put aside the idea that it was not addressed to any particular Church but was a homily written for all whom it might concern. This idea has been plausibly stated by Reuss. “The Epistle to the Hebrews,” he says, “is not a letter properly so called written in view of a local necessity; and the few personal and…
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The writer’s references in v. 12; vi. 9; x. 32; xii. 4; could only have been made to a definite group of Christians.! This consideration is sufficient to prove that the title πρὸς Ἑβραίους without further designation is too indefinite to have been affixed to his letter by the author himself. Weizsacker, indeed, is …
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given in chap. vi. are such as would rather be taught to Gentile catechumens than to Jewish converts. No doubt the doctrines there mentioned would be taught to Gentiles, but surely the contrast between faith in God and faith in dead works is peculiarly appropriate to Jews; and it was also the Jew rather than the Ge…
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Barnabas it naturally suggests itself as the destination in connection with his supposed authorship of the Epistle. The Hebrew Christians in that city must have been very much in his care, and certainly they required some such exposition as is given in the Epistle, of the ‘relation of Judaism to Christianity. And s…
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to take so much interest in the Temple-worship or be so concerned’ about its observance as this Epistle requires; but, as Principal Pair- bairn long ago pointed out, colonists idealise the institutions of their mother-country more than its resident population, and it is an ideal- ised, not an actual worship that is…
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with the similar problem of the authorship of the Book of Job: ‘There are some minds that cannot put up with uncertainty, and are under the necessity of deluding themselves into quietude by fixing on some known name. There are others to whom it is a comfort to think that in this omniscient age a few things still r…
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part of the Epistle exhorts them to steadfastness and perseverance. “ Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering” (gi. 23). ‘Cast not away your confidence” (x. 35). “If any man draw back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him” (x. 38). Or, what may be taken as the hortatory motto of the Epistle, …
465 wordsSECTION 265Introduction 37
they had been taught so externally that they were in danger of wholly losing their faith and becoming practical apostates. They had fallen under the power of the present and visible, and were giving to appearance and shadow the value that belonged only to the eternal reality. The aim of the writer then was to open…
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connection between the two faiths. But what relation did this Messiah hold to the Mosaic institutions? That was a more difficult problem. The difficulty of it is appreciated when we consider that a large section of the Christian Church judged the old to be irreconcil!- able with the new, and went so far as to maint…
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was his inalienable conviction that the visible world is merely pheno- menal, the temporary form or manifestation of the invisible, arche- typal world which alone is real and eternal. In the Epistle these two worlds are continually related by contrast. The unseen world [πράγματα οὐ βλεπόμενα xi. 1] is the eternal c…
482 wordsSECTION 268240 | Introduction
because made in spirit, in a spirit which necessarily belongs not to this visible and transitory order of things but to the eternal and real, or as the writer says, “through eternal spirit ”. That which this writer finds common to the new and the old forms of religion is the purpose of God to bring men into fellows…
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such an exposition of that glory as is in point of fact a magnificent apologetic for Christianity from the Jewish point of view. The relation thus established between the former and the latter dispensation may tend to an undervaluing of the old, and lead to the idea that ‘‘the Jew was simply the keeper of a casket …
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But the writer to the Hebrews looking back upon the preparation for Christ can see how this and that prefigured Him who was to come. Every Old Testament institution, ceremony, person or thing in which a principle or idea was embodied which was afterwards embodied in Christ and His Kingdom may legitimately be called…
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to the destruction of the Temple. The impression one receives from its perusal is that the sacrifices and other services of the Temple were still being performed. If particular passages are ex- amined, this impression is deepened. It is quite true that the use of the present tense (as in Heb. ix. 6, vill. 4, etc.) …
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Testament. At the foundation of all more recent elucidation of the Epistle lies Bleek’s great work, Der Brief an die Hebraer erlautert (1828-1840), the most comprehensive and scholarly, and in all re- spects one of the best commentaries on any book of the New Testa- ment. Of almost equal value is Weiss’ contributio…
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$$ Sinaiticus Petropolitanus, Saec. iv. Complete. Α Alexandrinus Londinensis, Saec. y. Complete. B Vaticanus Romanus, Saec. iv. Defective from ix. 14—end. [‘‘Manus multo recentior supplevit, Heb. ix. 14-xiii. 25, quae Mico Italus ipsius codicis con- lator Bentleio jubente contulit et Tischendorfius aliquoties notav…
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The Old Latin and the Vulgate, the Peshitto and Harklean Syriac, the Coptic and fragments of the Sahidic and Bashmuric versions, together with the Armenian and Ethiopic are available for the ascertainment of the text of the Epistle. [For remarks on these versions, see Westcott’s Com., Introduction.] wy mee MY aE, e…
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πολυμερῶς καὶ πολυτρόπως ‘“‘in many parts and in many ways”. The alliteration is characteristic of the author, cf. v. 8, v.14, vii. 3, ix. το, etc. For the use of the words in Greek authors see Wetstein. πολυμερῶς points to the fragmentary character of former revelations. They were given piece-meal, bit by bit,…
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in 2 Cor. iii. 14 the Mosaic covenant is spoken of as ἡ παλαιὰ διαθήκη cf. viii. 13. Here πάλαι is contrasted with ἐπ᾽ ἐσχάτου τῶν ἡμερῶν τούτων, “at the last of these days,” [‘‘Aufs Ende dieser Tage,” Weizsacker], i.e., in the Messianic time at the close of the period known to the Jews as ‘“‘this present time o…
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Σ a - a3 , 3 λησεν ἡμῖν ἐν υἱῷ, 2. ἢ ὃν ἔθηκε κληρονόμον πάντων, δι᾿ οὗ καὶ τοὺς > αἰῶνας ἐποίησεν,! 3. “ὃς ὧν ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης καὶ χαρακτὴρ i. 16. Col. i. 15, 7; Phil. ii.6; Apoc. iv. 11. 249 Ps. ii. 8; Matt. xxi. 38; Joan. 1. 3; Eph. iii. 9; Col. ς viii. 1 et ix. 12, etc., et xii.2; Ps. ex. 13 Sap. vii.…
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250 ΠΡΟΣ ΕΒΡΑΙΟΥΣ ον fol A -“ / Lal τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ, φέρων τε TA πάντα τῷ ῥήματι τῆς δυνάμεως αὐτοῦ, δι᾿ ἑαυτοῦ καθαρισμὸν ποιησάμενος τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν,2 1 ΤΕ. in DCEKLM αἱ pler, d, e, Syrutr 47. 2 Omit μων with ΝΤ ΑΒΌΕἾΜΡ. that “μὲ kingdom of the world is become the Kingdom of our Lord and of His Chris…
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ἀπαύγασμα : οὐκοῦν καὶ ὁ ,vios τῷ πατρί. Sointhe Nicene Creed φῶς ἐκ φωτός. ‘ The word ‘efflulgence’ seems to mean not rays of light streaming from a body in their connection with that body or as part of it, still less the reflec- tion of these rays caused by their falling” upon another body, but rather rays of …
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φέρων τε τὰ πάντα... “and upholding all things by the word of His power”. The meaning of φέρων is seen in such expressions as that of Moses in Num. xi. 14 οὐ δυνήσομαι ἐγὼ μόνος φέρειν πάντα τὸν λαὸν τοῦτον, where the idea of being responsible for their government and guidance is involved. So in Plutarch’s Lucu…
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d , 4 τοσούτῳ KPELT~ των γενόμενος τῶν ἀγγέλων, ὅσῳ διαφορώτερον παρ᾽ αὐτοὺς κεκληρο- introducing Him to the place of security and favour, but also of dignity and power. ‘‘The King’s right hand was the place of power and dignity, belonging to the minister of his authority and his justice, and the channel of his…
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In support of this statement the writer adduces an abundance of evidence, no fewer than seven passages being cited fromthe Ο.Τ. Before considering these, two preliminary objections may first be removed. (1) To us nothing may seem less in need of proof than that Christ who has indelibly impressed Himself on mank…
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{ὅταν δὲ πάλιν εἶσ- eee κ 4 x / 3 A > , , [ΠῚ Q viii.29; ἀγάγῃ τὸν πρωτότοκον εἰς τὴν οἰκουμένην, λέγει, “ Καὶ προσκυνη- Col. i. 18. (Presb. and Ref. Rev., July, 1899) holds that either subject may be sup- plied, because ‘‘ under the force of their conception of Scripture as an oracular book it was all one to t…
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- a? 'σάτωσαν αὐτῷ πάντες ἄγγελοι Θεοῦ . 255 7. “Καὶ πρὸς μὲν τοὺς κε Ps. civ. 4. ἀγγέλους λέγει, ““Ὃ ποιῶν τοὺς ἀγγέλους αὐτοῦ πνεύματα, καὶ τοὺς λειτουργοὺς αὐτοῦ πυρὸς φλόγα”. ὃ. " πρὸς δὲ τὸν υἱὸν, ““Ὃ ἃ Ps. xlv.6. are supposed by Delitzsch to have been added in the liturgical use of Moses’ song. The part o…
851 wordsSECTION 285Acts x. 38. ῥάβδος 2 τῆς βασιλείας σου.
256 θρόνος σου, ὁ Θεὸς, εἰς τὸν αἰῶνα τοῦ αἰῶνος 1: ῥάβδος εὐθύτητος ἡ Ν 6 ο. 'ἠγάπησας δικαιοσύνην, καὶ ἐμίσησας ἀνομίαν - διὰ τοῦτο ἔχρισέ σε ὁ Θεὸς, ὁ Θεός σου, ἔλαιον k Ps. οἩ, 25. ἀγαλλιάσεως παρὰ τοὺς μετόχους gov.” το. * Καὶ, “Σὺ κατ᾽ ἀρχὰς, 1 Insert και with RABD*E*M, 17. 2T.R. in DEKLP αἱ fere omn; η pa…
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comparison with, more than, beyond”. Vaughan]. : Ver. το. ἴῃ νν. 10-12 the writer intro- duces another quotation from Ps. 102 (in LXX ΤΟΙ, 25-7). The quotation is ver- batim from the LXX except that σὺ is lifted from the fifth to the first place in the sentence, for emphasis, and that a second ὡς ἱμάτιον is ins…
557 wordsSECTION 287Vol Iv.
Tisch. with KLMP omits asa gloss. It that of the angels in human redemptive history. This contrast is connected by the form of its statement with ver. 5 (‘‘to which of the angels, etc.”). There it was the greater name that was in question, here it is the higher station and function. πρὸς τίνα δὲ κιτιλ. “But to w…
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jit. Διὰ τοῦτο δεῖ Παν οὐ ἢ περισσοτέρως ἡμᾶς προσέχειν τοῖς ἀκουσθεῖσι, μή ποτε παρα- with its cognates has come to play a large part in ecclesiastical language. It is originally “4 public servant”; from λεῖτος, an unused adjectiveconnected with λαός, meaning “what belongs to the people’ and ἔργον. It occurs …
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ppudpev.! 2. βέβαιος, kal πᾶσα παράβασις καὶ παρακοὴ ἔλαβεν ἔνδικον μισθα- ποδοσίαν, 3. ' πῶς ἡμεῖς ἐκφευξόμεθα τηλικαύτης ἀμελήσαντες σωτηρίας ; ἥτις ἀρχὴν λαβοῦσα λαλεῖσθαι διὰ τοῦ Κυρίου, ὑπὸ τῶν Ἱπαραρνωμεν with RAB*D*LP, 17, 47, 115. the forms given by Veitch. in clauses expressing apprehension, as here, it…
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259 εἰ γὰρ 6 δι ἀγγέλων λαληθεὶς λόγος ἐγένετο « Deut. xxvii. 26; Acts vii. 38, 535 Gal. 1110. a οχι. Matt. iv. 17; Marc. i. 14. Bleek favours the T.R. See also generation, were ““α just recompense,” not an arbitrary, or excessive punish- ment. For μισθαποδοσία classical writers use μισθοδοσία. Ver. 3. π…
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4. " συνεπιμαρτυροῦντος τοῦ Θεοῦ ny AY x 9 lol ῃ μερισμοῖς, κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν. has been conveyed to us in a trustworthy manner. To their testimony was added the all-convincing witness borne by God, συνεπιμαρτυροῦντος τοῦ θεοῦ. The word is found in Aristotle, Philo and Polybius, xxvi. 9, 4, παρόντων δὲ τῶν …
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Gs 261 5. 700 yap ἀγγέλοις ὑπέταξε τὴν οἰκουμένην τὴν μέλλουσαν, d i. 2 51 2 reter περὶ ἧς λαλοῦμεν. 6. " διεμαρτύρατο δέ πού τις λέγων, “Τί ἐστιν iii. τα. e Ps. viii. 4, etcxliv. 3. made κατὰ τὴν αὐτοῦ θέλησιν ““ accord- ing to His [God’s] will”. In τ Cor. xii. 11 the will is that of the Spirit. ‘‘Non omnibus…
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Ver 6. διεμαρτύρατο δὲ πού τις λέγων: ‘but some one ina certain place solemnly testifies, saying”’. The indefinite formula of quotation is used not because doubt existed regarding the authorship of the psalm, nor because the writer was citing ἄνθρωπος, ὅτι μιμνήσκῃ αὐτοῦ: ἢ υἱὸς ἀνθρώπου, ὅτι ἐπισκέπτῃ 262 Ps. …
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Ver. 8. πάντα ὑπέταξας.. . . “ Thou didst put all things under his feet.” In the psalm ‘‘all things”? are defined as “6 all sheep and oxen, yea and the beasts of the field, the fowl of the air, and the fish of the sea, and whatsoever passes through the paths of the sea’’. But to our author the scope of the ‘‘all…
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264 ἢ ν.9, et xii. 2 4 Ἢ ΣΝ δ ή 2 ie Όπως χάριτι Θεοῦ UTEP’ παντὸς γεύσηται θανάτου. xxiv. 26, 46; Acts lii. 15, et ος v.31; Rom. ii. 36; Phil. ii. 8, 9. το. ' Ἔπρεπε Lo 3 γὰρ αὐτῷ, δι ὃν τὰ πάντα καὶ δι οὗ τὰ πάντα, πολλοὺς υἱοὺς εἰς 1T.R. is read in almost all the MSS. and versions and adopted by all editor…
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. 56). “It is worth noting that the chief value of Anselm’s view of the Atone- ment lies in the introduction into the- ology of the idea of what befits God— the idea, as he puts it, of God’s honour. Anselm fails, however, by thinking rather of what God’s honour must receive as its due than of what it is seemly f…
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Ver. 11. In the eleventh verse the writer proceeds to explain wherein con- sisted the fittingness (τὸ πρέπον) of per- fecting the ἀρχηγόν through sufferings. It lies in the fact that He and those He leads are brothers. In vv. 11-13 it is shown that this is so, and in the suc- ceeding verses the writer points out…
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Ver. 12. In proof that He is not ashamed to take his place among men as a brother three passages are adduced from the O.T. in which this relationship: is implied. These passages are so con- fidently assumed to be Messianic that they are quoted as spoken by Christ Himself, λέγων, The fact that words. of Jesus sp…
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Chrysostom interprets, οὐ φαντασίᾳ οὐδὲ εἰκόνι ἄλλ᾽ ἀληθείᾳ. It means not merely 1 like manner,” but ‘in absolutely the same manner”; as in Arrian vii. I, 9, σὺ δὲ ἄνθρωπος ὧν, παραπλήσιος τοῖς ἄλλοις, Herod. iii. 104, σχεδὸν παραπλησίως ‘almost identical’’; see also Diod. Sic., v. 45. τῶν αὐτῶν, {.ε., blood an…
332 wordsSECTION 300Ii,
n Luc. i. 74; ἔστι, τὸν διάβολον, 15. "Kal ἀπαλλάξῃ τούτους, ὅσοι φόβῳ θανάτου 16. οὐ γὰρ δήπου ἀγ- In the Phaedo frequently of Rom. . Q ο κ᾿ ” Ts, διὰ παντὸς τοῦ ζῆν ἔνοχοι ἦσαν δουλείας. 1 δουλιας in ΜΕ "ΗΡ; δουλειας in ΑΒΟΒΡ, etc., E**KLM. so. He brings sins to remembrance, he τούτου. appears as the accuser o…
804 wordsSource & rights
Public domain historical edition (1897); scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.