PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK

The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 4

Nicoll, W. Robertson (editor), 1851-1923 · 324,655 words · 525 reading sections

Preliminary.

THOSE who propose to read this exposition of the Pastoral Epistles may find it convenient to be apprised at the outset of the conclusions assumed in it concerning the genuineness and integrity of the Letters. After a careful review of the arguments adduced by the traditionalists and the anti-traditionalists, and af…

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peculiar religious phraseology in so tar as it does indeed differ from . features common to the earlier groups of letters; so that whatever considerations help us to account for the former change will also aid in the solution of the problem of style and vocabulary. The other arguments against the Pauline authorship…

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Introduction 59

It was while the Church was thus rapidly taking shape that St. Paul came into it; and, ii we may judge from the extant evidence, he quickly became the most powerful constructive force in it. But there were other agencies at work, human, as well as Divine and divinely inspired, and St. Paul was himself wrought on an…

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that before St. Paul wrote these letters he had ceased to be an elderly, and had, perhaps rapidly, become an old man. There is nothing impossible in this supposition. The surprising thing is that it has not been more generally recognised as a probable factor in the solution of the problem presented by the Pastorals…

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that we are present at the birth of some mighty principle which can reach maturity only at the end of time. Great theological statements concerning man’s salvation—not of the relation of Christ to the universe—are formulated, not daringly sketched; the conceptions of the mutual relations of God and man which are in…

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reaction in consequence of fusion; the same natural law operates in the interaction of the thoughts of a thoughtmaker with the minds of those to whom his thoughts are communicated. And, if we may carry on the same analogy, the Church of St Paul’s time was unable to take up, to hold in solution, the whole of the Pau…

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Τηε Style Of The Letters.

phrases of ordinary religious society. He is not less intelligible to Timothy, or less truly himself. It was noticed in the beginning of this Introduction that the con- sideration of most weight against the Pauline authorship of the Pastoral Epistles is the style of the composition, which differs from that of any …

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may deserve consideration whether we have not presented to us, in the style of the Pastorals, a new, but not the less true, aspect of St. Paul as a writer, no longer creating a Christian terminology, but freely making use οἵ the piraseology he heard around him, towards the formation of which he had been a principal…

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Peculiar To Ονε Letter.

καθαρὰ καρδία: a, Ὁ. πίστις ἀνυπόκριτος : a, Ὁ. πίστις κ. ἀγάπη ἡ ἐν Χριστῷ ᾿Ιησοῦ: a, Ὁ. πίστις ἡ ἐν Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ: a, b; etc. καλός: qualifying adj. (not incl. καλὸν ἔργον): a, 9; Ὁ, 3 (esp. καλὴ στρατεία, a, OF στρατιώτης, Ὁ, καλὸς ἀγών, a, b); etc., but not Paul. παγὶς : a; τοῦ διαβόλου: a, Ὁ. φεῦγε - δίωκε …

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νοῦς: διεφθαρμένων. . - τ. νοῦν: a. κατεφθαρμένοι τ. νοῦν : Ὁ. μεμίανται αὐτῶν . . « ὁ vols: C. πίστις : περὶ τ. πίστιν ἐναυάγησαν: a. περὶ τ. πίστιν ἠστόχησαν: a. ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τ. πίστιν: Ὁ. ἀποστήσονταί τινες τ. πίστεως: a ἀπεπλανή- θησαν ἀπὸ τ. πίστεως: a. Cf. 1 Tim. 1. 5, 19. συνείδησις : κεκαυστηριασμένων τὴν…

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that each of the other letters which are ascribed to him arose out of special circumstances, and deals almost exclusively with those special circumstances, and that the circumstances which called forth the letters to Timothy and Titus were, confessedly, quite different from those out of which any of the other Pauli…

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(i.) 1 and 2 Thessalonians. (ii.) Rom., 1 Cor., 2 Cor., Gal. (iii.) Eph., Col., Philem. (iv.) Philippians, which though it is one of group iii., as being one of the epistles of the first Roman captivity, yet inasmuch as it was written somewhat later, may be considered apart. ἄδικος, 3, ἀκαθαρσία, 9, ἀκροβυστία, 1…

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group, ἐλεύθερος and ἐλευθεροῦν are not in 2 Cor., and ἐλευθεροῦν is not in 1 Cor. υἱοθεσία not in 1 Cor. or 2 Cor.; φύσις not in 2 Cor.; χρηστός not in 2 Cor. or Gal.; leaving διαθήκη (once in iii.) and ἐλευθερία (twice in ili.) as the only words that are evenly distributed in group ii. Among those which do not o…

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τέρως seven times), seven occur in 1 Cor. and five in Phil. Neither πεποιθέναι ΠΟΓ πεποίθησις Occurs in 1 Cor. ; πεποίθησις not in Rom. or Gal. Here again seven cases belong to 2 Cor. and seven to Phil. Of the πρᾶγμα group (25), thirteen belong to Rom., which has ten out of the eighteen occurrences of πράσσειν. Nei…

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Ηιθτοβιοαι, Setting Of The Epistles.

It is altogether unneccessary for any one now to restate the arguments which prove that the references to persons and places in the Pastorals cannot be accommodated to the history of St. Paul and of his companions as given in the Acts. The ‘historical contra- dictions’ are marshalled with crushing force by Lightfoo…

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Introduction 73

ἀξ cannot be accounted for. A brief record would have been all that was necessary, and this would not have added unduly to the length of the book. Salmon’s explanation (Introduction, p. 312) that “ why St. Luke has told us no more is, that he knew no more; and that he knew no more, because at the time nothing more…

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There are two passages in earlier writers which are adduced as. proof that St. Paul at one time visited Spain. Since it is impossible to find room for such a journey within the period covered by the Acts, these passages, if accepted as proofs of the expedition to Spain, are therefore proofs of a missionary activity…

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External Evidence.

that he visited Philippi and Colossz, in accordance with the intima- tions cited above from Phil. and Philem. Perhaps he now visited Crete. (2) A journey to Spain; perhaps passing through Dalmatia and Gaul (9) (2 Tim. iv. 10). Possibly on this journey he became aware of the convenience of Nicopolis in Epirus as a …

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Jerome declares that these adverse judgments were not critical in any true sense, but merely arbitrary: ‘cum haeretica auctoritate pronuntient et dicant, Illa epistola Pauli est, haec non est”. How- ever that may be, there is at least no trace in the writings of the Church controversialists of arguments of a critic…

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§ 2 (1 Tim. vi. 8). τοῖς ἐφοδίοις τοῦ Θεοῦ ἀρκούμενοι. *§ 2 (Tit. ili. 1). ἕτοιμοι eis wav ἔργον ἀγαθόν. § 7 (1 Tim. vi. 12; 2 Tim. iv. 7). ὃ αὐτὸς ἡμῖν ἀγὼν ἐπίκειται. § 7 (1 Tim. 11. 3, ν. 4). ἴδωμεν... τὶ προσδεκτὸν ἐνώπιον τοῦ ποιήσαντος ἡμᾶς. *§ 26 (Tit. 11... 10). αὐτῷ δουλευσάντων ἐν πεποιθήσει πίστεως ἀγα…

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§ 11 (1 Tim. i. 1). πεπληροφόρησθε ἐν τῇ γεννήσει κ. τ. πάθει κ. τ. ἀναστάσει τῇ γενομένῃ ἐν καιρῷ τῆς ἡγεμονίας Ποντίου Πιλάτου - πραχθέντα ἀληθῶς κ. βεβαίως ὑπὸ Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ, τῆς ἐλπίδος ἡμῶν. Trall, Inscr, and § 2 have also Fesus Christ our hope. Polyc. § 2 (2 Tim. ii. 25). τοὺς λοιμοτέρους ἐν πραύτητι ὑπό- τα…

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*§ 9 (2 Tim. iv. 10). οὐ γὰρ τὸν viv ἠγάπησαν αἰῶνα. *§ 12 (1 Tim. 11. 2, iv. 15). Ovate etiam pro regibus et potest- atibus et principibus . . . ut fructus vester manifestus sit in omnibus. THe Acts or Marryrvom or PorycarP (Α.Ρ. 155 or 156). § 10 (1 Tim. ii. 2; Tit. Η1. 1). δεδιδάγμεθα γὰρ ἀρχαῖς καὶ ἐξουσίαις ὑ…

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ε , ἡσύχιον βίον διάγοιμεν. THEopotus (Excerpta ex Scriptis Theodoti, Clem. ΑἹ. p. 350). (1 Tim. vi. 16). καὶ ὁ μὲν φῶς ἀπρόσιτον εἴρηται. THE EPISTLE OF THE CHURCHES OF VIENNE AND Lyows (circ.180). * Buseb. Η.Ε. ν. i. (1 Tim. tii, 15). ἐνέσκηψεν ἡ ὀργὴ . . . εἰς ” ~ Ν ~ a Άτταλον Περγαμηνὸν τῷ γένει, στύλον καὶ…

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But even were we to grant, one moment; that the style and historical considerations must preclude a Pauline authorship for them, yet, the next moment, we find ourselves confronted by more serious objections to the theory of compilation. To begin with, the historical difficulty presented by the personal and local re…

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ANALysIS OF 1 TIMOTHY. “Guard the Deposit.” A. i. 1, 2. Salutation. B. i. 3-20: The Crisis, and the Men—Paul and Timothy. (a) The Crisis: 3-11. (1) 3-7. The motive of the letter is to provide Timothy with a memoran- dum of previous oral instructions for the combating of those who mischievously and ignorantly end…

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D. iv. A fresh word of prophecy (see i. 18) addressed to Timothy in his present office. (a) 1-5. The false teaching more clearly defined as a spurious asceticism. This is condemned, a priori, by considerations (1) of the declared charac- ter and object of the material creation, and (2) of the purifying effect of b…

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Sursum Corda. A. i. 1, 2. Salutation. B. i. 3—ii. 13. Considerations which should strengthen Timothy's moral courage (a, ὃ, c, ἆ, ϱ), interspersed with appeals to his loyalty (a, β, 7, δ, ε). (a) 3-5. Paul’s thoughts of, and prayers for, him; and Paul’s recognition of Timothy’s faith. (5) 6,7. An objective fact i…

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(δ) ii. r1-15. The eternal sanction for this insistence on the practice of ele- mentary virtues is the all-embracing scope of the Gospel of God’s Grace; which has been visibly manifested, with its call to repentance, its assur- ance of help, and its certain hope. (ο) iii. 1, 2. Obedience to the civil authority is a…

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F (Β)), Cod. Augiensis, ix. Trinity College, Cambridge. G (G,), Cod. Boernerianus, ix. Dresden. H (H,), Cod. Coislinianus, vi. Pragments. Those that contain portions of the Pastorals are in Paris and Turin. It only con- tains: Τι iii: 7-13, vi. 9-13; 2 Tim: ti) 1-9. Tit. i. 1-3, 15— ii. 5, iii, 13-15. I (13), Cod…

The Expositor's Greek Testament — Volume 4

Preliminary.

58 Introduction

Introduction 59

60 Introduction

Introduction 61

62 Introduction

Τηε Style Of The Letters.

64 Introduction

Peculiar To Ονε Letter.

66 Introduction

68 Introduction

Introduction 69

70 Introduction

INTRODUCTION Τὰ

Ηιθτοβιοαι, Setting Of The Epistles.

Introduction 73

74 Introduction

External Evidence.

76 Introduction

Introduction 77

78 Introduction

Introduction 79

Introduction 51

82 Introduction

Introduction 83

84 Introduction

Introduction 85

86 Introduction

Introduction 87

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