A Brighter Day Begins with His Word.

PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK

St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen

Ramsay, William Mitchell, Sir, 1851-1939 · 127,287 words · 192 reading sections

SECTION 121

Of Your Poets Have Said, For We Are Also

The fact that Sosthenes (whether the same or another) joined with Paul in writing to the Corinthians, I 1, caused an early misapprehension of the scene. It was understood that Gallio, after deciding against the Jews, allowed them to console themselves by beating a Christian ; and the word " Greeks " is omitted in …

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SECTION 122

The Church In Asia.

r. THE SYRIAN VOYAGE AND THE RETURN TO EPHESUS. (XVIII 1 8) AND PAUL TOOK HIS LEAVE OF THE BRETHREN, AND SAILED ] THENCE FOR SYRIA, AND WITH HIM PRISCILLA AND AQUILA ; AND HE SHORE HIS HEAD IN CENCHRE^, FOR HE HAD A VOW. (19) AND THEY REACHED EPHESUS, AND HE LEFT THE OTHERS THERE. .AND FOR HIMSELF, HE WENT INTO …

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SECTION 123

The Church In Asia.

On reaching Caesareia, he went up and saluted the Church. Dr. Blass considers that he went up from the harbour to the city of Caesareia and saluted the Church there, and then " went down " to Antioch. That inter- pretation is impossible for several reasons. (1) It is impossible to use the term " went down " of a j…

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SECTION 124

The Church In Asia.

Sec. 2. Apollos, Priscilla and Aquila. 267 2. APOLLO S, PRISCILLA AND AQUILA. During the time that Paul was absent from Ephesus, there came thither an Alexandrian Jew named Apollos, a good speaker, and well read in the Scriptures. He had learned in Alexandria the doctrine of John the Baptist and his prophecy of t…

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SECTION 125

The Church In Asia.

The order in which the different threads of the narrative here succeed one another exactly recalls the method of XI 27-XII 25. There vv. 27-30 narrate the events in Antioch, and bring Barnabas and Saul to the gates of Jerusalem ; next, the events in Jerusalem are brought up to date ; and then the action of the env…

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SECTION 126

The Church In Asia.

In the following narrative the powers of Paul are brought into competition with those of Jewish exorcists and pagan dabblers in the black art, and his superiority to them demonstrated. Ephesus was a centre of all such magical arts and practices, and it was therefore inevitable that the new teaching should be broug…

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SECTION 127

The Church In Asia.

the greatness of the work, for Asia was the richest, one of 18 274 The Church in Asia, Chap. XII. the largest, and in many ways the leading province of the East. Ephesus, as the seat of government, was the centre from which the whole province of Asia could best be affected (p. 104) ; and the effect of Paul's lon…

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SECTION 128

The Church In Asia.

No allusion to Timothy occurs between XVIII 5 (where he rejoined Paul at Corinth) and XIX 22. According to the analogy of Luke's method (p. 46 f.), this shows that he was understood by the author to have been attached to Paul's service during the inter- vening period, ready for any mission, such as that to Galati…

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SECTION 129

The Church In Asia.

1 1 formerly erred as to the sense of Asia in XIX 26, 27, Church in R. B., p. 166. 2 We adopt this and some other touches from Cod. Bez., as either original or added from a trustworthy tradition : our reasons have been stated elsewhere. Sec. 5. Demetrius the Silversmith. 279 vast assembly, like a crowd of devotee…

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SECTION 130

The Church In Asia.

The reference to the Asiarchs is very important, both Sec. 5. Demetrius the Silver smith. 281 in respect of the nature of that office (on which it throws great light, though that opens up a wide and disputed field), and as a fact of Pauline history. The Asiarchs, or High Priests of Asia, were the heads of the impe…

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SECTION 131

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

i. THE SECOND EUROPEAN JOURNEY. (XX i) AND AFTER THE RIOT CEASED, PAUL, HAVING SENT FOR THE DISCIPLES AND EXHORTED THEM, BADE THEM FAREWELL, AND DEPARTED TO MAKE HIS WAY INTO MACEDONIA. (2) AND HAVING MADE A PROGRESS THROUGH THOSE QUARTERS, AND EXHORTED THEM WITH MUCH PREACHING, HE WENT INTO GREECE. (3) AND HE S…

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SECTION 132

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

1 II 13, VII 6 f., 13 f., VIII 6 f., 16-24, XII 18. 286 The Voyage to Jerusalem. Chap. XIII. loving and tender sympathy of Paul's language about him we may read a wish to compensate for the neglect that had during many years sacrificed him to the thankless policy of conciliating the Jews. The importance of Titus …

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SECTION 133

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

The scheme is not alluded to in the letter to the Galatian Churches : but it seems to have been inaugu- rated there by oral instructions during the third visit (I Cor. XVI 1). The mission of Timothy and of Titus in 56 doubtless helped to carry it out in Europe. Luke evidently took it up with special zeal, and he …

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SECTION 134

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

Sec. 4- Eutychus, 291 fied himself on the point In XIV 19 he had no authority for asserting that Paul was dead, but only that his enemies considered him dead. The sequence of the narrative is remarkable : the young man fell : Paul declared he was not dead : Paul went upstairs again, partook of the common meal (co…

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SECTION 135

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

The ship evidently stopped every evening. The reason lies in the wind, which in the ^Egean during the summer generally blows from the north, beginning at a very early hour in the morning ; in the late afternoon it dies away ; at sunset there is a dead calm, and there- after a gentle south wind arises and blows dur…

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SECTION 136

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

296 The Voyage to Jerusalem. Chap. XIII. two chances presented themselves : one ship intended to make no break on its voyage, except at Miletus, the other to stop at Ephesus. The latter ship was, for some reason, the slower ; either it was not to sail further south than Ephesus (in which case time might be lost t…

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SECTION 137

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

Myra is termed by the pilgrim Saewulf (as I learn from Dr. Tomaschek) " the harbour of the Adriatic Sea, as Constantinople is of the ^Egean Sea"; and this importance is hardly intelligible till we recognise its relation to the Syrian and Egyptian traffic. The prevailing winds in the Levant throughout the season a…

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SECTION 138

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

The ship completed the short voyage to Ptolemais early ; and the party spent the day with the Brethren ; and went on to Caesareia next day. Probably they went in the same ship. The emphasis laid on " finishing the voyage " from Tyre to Ptolemais is due to the fact that it was probably over about 10 A.M. 1 In v. 2…

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SECTION 139

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

Sec. 6. C&sareia and Jerusalem. 303 for a night with Mnason of Cyprus, one of the earliest Christian converts. The next day the Brethren returned with the conveyances to Caesareia, while Paul and his company performed the rest of the journey (which was probably not far) on foot. Time had passed rapidly, when a co…

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SECTION 140

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

The clerk {Grammateus) of the city of Ephesus was not a Roman official, but, as the most important officer of the capital of the province, he was in closer relations with the Roman policy than ordinary city magistrates : and he pointedly acquitted Paul of any treasonable design against the State or against the est…

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SECTION 141

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

Further, when we compare Luke with other authorities in their treatment of the same subject, we see how much more careful he is than they in bringing out the relations in which Christianity stood to the Imperial government. In the Third Gospel, Luke alone among the four historians records formally the attempt made…

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SECTION 142

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

310 The Voyage to Jerusalem. Chap. XIII who regarded Christianity as destined not to destroy but to save the Empire. 8. FINANCES OF THE TRIAL. It has been asked where Paul got the money which he required to pay the expenses of four poor men (XXI 23), purifying themselves in the temple ; and the suggestion has bee…

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SECTION 143

The Voyage To Jerusalem.

Where, then, was the money procured ? Was it fmm new contributions collected in the Churches? That seems most improbable, both from their general poverty, from Paul's personal character, and from the silence of Luke on the point. Luke himself was probably a man dependent on his profession for his livelihood. His …

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SECTION 144

(3H)

In describing the voyage from Caesareia to Malta, we are guided by the excellent work of James Smith, Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul (third edition, 1866); but as there are some points of interest which he has not explained satisfactorily, we shall briefly describe the voyage, and treat more elaborately such poi…

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SECTION 145

(3H)

In the harbour of Caesareia there was no convenient ship about to sail for Rome ; and the convoy was put on board of an Adramyttian ship which was going to make a voyage along the coast towns of the province Asia. Communication direct with Rome might be found in some of the great Asian harbours, or, failing any s…

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SECTION 146

(3H)

Sec. i. Ccesareia to Myra. 319 A ship-captain familiar with the Levant informed me that he had known ships going west from Egypt keep well to the north, in order to avail themselves of the shelter of the Cretan coast. No ancient ship would have ventured to keep so much out to sea as to run intentionally from Egyp…

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SECTION 147

Time Elapsed, And Sailing Was Now Dangerous (As

The voyage to Cnidos had been slow and hard, and the course along Crete was made with difficulty. At the best that part of the voyage must always have been troublesome, and as the difficulty was unusually great in this case, we cannot allow less time between Myra and Fair Havens than from September 1 to 25. The ar…

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SECTION 148

Time Elapsed, And Sailing Was Now Dangerous (As

324 The Voyage to Rome. Chap. XIV owing to the ruinous foreign competition in grain, was the most serious and pressing department of the Imperial administration. Whatever else the Emperor might neglect, this he could not neglect and live. In the urban populace he was holding a wild beast by the ear ; and, if he di…

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SECTION 149

Time Elapsed, And Sailing Was Now Dangerous (As

4. THE STORM. (XXVII 1 3) AND WHEN A MODERATE SOUTHERLY BREEZE AROSE, SUPPOSING THAT THEY HAD GOT THEIR OPPORTUNITY,1 THEY WEIGHED AN- CHOR AND SAILED ALONG THE CRETAN COAST CLOSE IN. (14) BUT AFTER NO LONG TIME THERE STRUCK DOWN FROM THE ISLAND A TYPHONIC WIND, WHICH GOES BY THE NAME EURAQUILO. (15) AND WHEN THE…

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SECTION 150

Time Elapsed, And Sailing Was Now Dangerous (As

At this point Smith notices the precision of Luke's terminology. In v. 4 they sailed under the lee of Cyprus, keeping northwards with a westerly wind on the beam (yireTrKevaafiev) ; here they ran before a wind under the lee of Cauda (inrohpafiovTeq). The sailors knew that their only hope was in the smoother water…

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SECTION 151

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

Sec. 5. Drifting. 331 EXCEEDINGLY WITH THE STORM, THE NEXT DAY THEY BEGAN TO THROW THE FREIGHT OVERBOARD, (19) AND ON THE THIRD DAY WE CAST OUT, WITH OUR OWN HANDS ACTUALLY, THE SHIP'S FURNITURE. (20) AND AS NEITHER SUN NOR STARS WERE VISIBLE FOR MANY DAYS, AND A SEVERE STORM WAS PRESSING HARD ON US, ALL HOPE TH…

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SECTION 152

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

6. LAND. (XXVII 27) BUT WHEN THE FOURTEENTH NIGHT WAS COME, AS WE WERE DRIVEN TO AND FRO IN THE ADRIA, TOWARDS MIDNIGHT THE SAILORS SURMISED THAT SOME LAND WAS NEARING THEM ; (28) AND THEY SOUNDED, AND FOUND TWENTY FATHOMS ; AND AFTER A LITTLE SPACE THEY SOUNDED AGAIN, AND FOUND FIFTEEN FATHOMS. (29) AND FEARING …

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SECTION 153

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

Anchoring by the stern was unusual ; but in their situa- tion it had great advantages. Had they anchored by the bow, the ship would have swung round from the wind ; and, when afterwards they wished to run her ashore, it would have been far harder to manage her when lying with her prow pointing to the wind and away…

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SECTION 154

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

22 338 The Voyage to Rome. Chap. XIV. buted to 21-26 as placing Paul on a higher plane is done in 33-35- Further, the excision of 21-26 would cut away a vital part of the narrative. (1) These verses contain the addi- tional fact, natural in itself and assumed in v. 34 as already known, that the crew and passenge…

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SECTION 155

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

No description could be more clear and precise, selecting the essential points and omitting all others. Smith quotes some interesting parallels from modern narratives of shipwreck. Some doubt has arisen whether "the bank between two seas" was a shoal separated from the shore by deep water, or, as Smith says, a ne…

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SECTION 156

5. Drifting. (Xxvii 1 8) And, As We Laboured

Sec. 9. Malta. 343 CURED ; (10) WHO ALSO HONOURED US WITH MANY HONOURS, AND WHEN WE SAILED PUT ON BOARD SUCH THINGS AS WE NEEDED. The name Poplios is the Greek form of the prcenomen Publius ; but it is not probable that this official would be called by a simple prcenomen. Poplius might perhaps be the Greek rende…

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SECTION 157

St. Paul In Rome.

i. THE COMING TO ROME. (XXVIII II) AND AFTER THREE MONTHS WE SET SAIL IN A SHIP OF ALEXANDRIA, WHICH HAD WINTERED IN THE ISLAND, WHOSE SIGN WAS "THE TWIN BROTHERS". (12) AND TOUCHING AT SYRACUSE, WE TARRIED THERE THREE DAYS. (13) AND FROM THENCE, BY TACKING, WE ARRIVED AT RHEGIUM. AND AFTER ONE DAY A SOUTH WIND …

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SECTION 158

St. Paul In Rome.

The double expression of arrival at Rome in w. 14 and 16 is remarkable ; and has caused much speculation ! Each of them may be called napoBos, the epithet applied to Bphesus by Ignatius, Rom. ia, Church in R. B.t p. 318 L Sec. i. The Coming to Rome. 347 among commentators. Blass is inclined to seek a change of te…

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SECTION 159

St. Paul In Rome.

2. THE RESIDENCE IN ROME. Paul was treated in Rome with the utmost leniency. He was allowed to hire a house or a lodging in the city, and live there at his own convenience under the surveillance of a soldier who was responsible for his presence when required. A light chain fastened Paul's wrist to that of the sold…

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SECTION 160

St. Paul In Rome.

It is remarkable that Luke has not a word to say about the process by which Christianity spread to Rome ; but, according to the plan which we have already seen to be shadowed forth for the sequel of this history, the process would form part of the contemplated Third Book. That Book would naturally open with a brie…

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St. Paul In Rome.

23 354 •£*• P&ul in Rome. Chap. XV. philosophers that Paul was likely to be listened to: they considered that they knew all he had to say, and could quote from their own lectures a good moral pre- cept to set alongside of anything he could tell them. Yet there can be no doubt that some very striking parallels be…

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St. Paul In Rome.

4. T H E TRIAL. It is doubtful why Paul's trial was so long delayed. Perhaps his opponents, despairing of obtaining his condemnation, preferred to put off the trial as long as possible ; and there were then, as there are now, many devices in law for causing delay. Perhaps the case was being inquired into by the Im…

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St. Paul In Rome.

Amid the general tone of hopefulness and confidence in Philippians, there are some touches of depression, which may be attributed to the absence of so many intimate friends, to the increased strain that the trial now proceeding must have put on his powers (p. 94 f.), and to the probable closer confinement necessit…

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SECTION 164

St. Paul In Rome.

Sec. 5. Last Trial and Death of Paul. 361 the same place in the first as 1 1 Tim. in the second trial ; but Phil, looks forward to a fresh career among the Churches, while II Tim. is the testament of a dying man. In one respect, however, the second trial was like the first. Paul again defended himself in the same …

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SECTION 165

Chronology Of Early Church History— 30-40 A.D.

1. THE STATE OF THE CHURCH IN A.D. 30. The chronological difficulty has probably weighed with many, as it has with Lightfoot {Ed. Gal. p. 124), in re- jecting the identification which we advocate of the visit in Acts XI with that in Gal. II 1-10. It is therefore necessary to glance briefly at the chronology of the…

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SECTION 166

Chronology Of Early Church History— 30-40 A.D.

By virtue of that Divine grace, "many wonders and signs were done by the Apostles," v. 43, during the following time. But it is vital to Luke's method not to rest contented with that general statement, but to give one special, clear example of the power communicated to the Apostles and to the Church of which they …

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SECTION 167

Field Was Called The That Is, The Field Of

Matthew XXVII 5-8. Acts I iS-ip. AND HANGED HIMSELF. TAIN ED A FIELD WITH AND THE CHIEF PRIESTS THE REWARD OF HIS TOOK THE PIECES OF INIQUITY | AND FALLING SILVER, AND SAID, " IT IS HEADLONG, HE BURST- NOT LAWFUL TO PUT ASUNDER IN THE MIDST, THEM INTO THE TREASURY, AND ALL HIS BOWELS SINCE IT IS THE PRICE OF GUS…

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Field Was Called The That Is, The Field Of

distorted pictures of fact. But the conception of history as an attempt to represent facts in correct perspective, even when it is poorly and feebly carried out, is a great and sacred possession, which we owe to the Greeks ; and is a generically different thing from popular tradition, which aims either at the mora…

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SECTION 169

3. Appointment Of Stephen And The Seven.

We are struck with the marked difference of Acts I-V, not merely from the later chapters, but also from Luke's First Book, the Gospel. In composing his Book I, he had formal works of a historical kind to use for his authorities {Luke I i) ; and he followed them very closely, not giving scope to his own method of n…

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3. Appointment Of Stephen And The Seven.

It is a remarkable fact that the Elders are not men- tioned here ; and this is one of the points which show Luke's want of proper authorities about the primitive Church. When we come to a period, where his infor- mation was good, we find the Elders prominent, and specially in practical business matters (pp. 52, 16…

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SECTION 171

3. Appointment Of Stephen And The Seven.

Sec. 3. Appointment of Stephen and the Seven. 377 and V 17 f. were mere warnings and threats, which natu- rally resulted soon in active measures. We cannot easily believe that repressive measures were delayed more than two or three years at the utmost ; we should rather have expected them even sooner. It is there…

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SECTION 172

3. Appointment Of Stephen And The Seven.

5. PAUL IN JUDiEA AND ARABIA. The introduc- tion of Paul is connected with the death of Stephen : he was then a young man, and probably was entering for the first time on public life. At this point the subjective touch in VIII 1, "Saul was consenting unto his death," is a clear indication that Luke's authority was…

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SECTION 173

Composition And Date Of Acts.

382 Chronology of Early Church History. Chap. XVI. On the other hand, XXVI 20 is distinctly in contra- diction with all other authorities ; but, as Dr. Blass points out, the Greek is solecistic, and his altered reading, "in every land to both Jews and Gentiles," seems to me to carry conviction with it.1 The diffi…

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SECTION 174

Composition And Date Of Acts.

Sec. i. Hypothesis of " The Travel- Document" '. 385 One episode, which bears all the marks of vivid personal witness, comes under neither of these categories, viz., the story of Peter's imprisonment and escape, XII. Here some other authority was used ; and the narrative suggests distinctly that the authority was …

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SECTION 175

Composition And Date Of Acts.

reckoned his reign to begin A.D. 12, when Tiberius was associated by Augustus in the Empire. But such a method of reckoning the reign of Tiberius was unknown. According to Roman reckoning, Tiberius, in July A.D. 26, was either in his twelfth year (reckoning from the death of his predecessor) or in his twenty-eight…

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SECTION 176

Composition And Date Of Acts.

4. THE FAMILY OF LUKE. We have made it an object to collect the scanty traces of Luke's personality that remain in Acts ; and we may therefore conclude our task by referring to the tradition about his birthplace. The later tradition, as it appears in Jerome, Euthalius, etc, declares that Luke was an Antiochian,1 b…

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— 14, P- 41

Matthew. XX 26 f., p. 85 XXVII 5-8, p. 367 f Mark. XVI 9-20, p. 25 Luke. I I, p. 376 II I, p. 385 — 2, p. 28 III 1, pp. 23, 211 — 18, pp. 366 n.t 385, 387, — 2, p. 3S7 IX 6, p. 384 n. XI 26, p. 28 XIII 30, p. 28 XIV 18, p. 28 XVI 5, p. 28 XIX 16, p. 28 XX 29, p. 28 XXII 56, p. 39, p. 366 □. XXIII 2,…

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SECTION 178

— 19. Pp- »79. 291

~ 32, pp. 41. 384 n. — 32 f., p. 42 — 33-42, p. IT! — 36, p. 202 — 42, p. 41 — 42 f., p. 377 X p. 41 — 1, p. 20a — 2, p. 180 — 22, p. 180 — 41, p. 121 XI 1-18, pp. 41, 168 — 2, p. 168 — 6, p. 38 — 19-21, p. 40 ff. — 20, pp. 24, 71 — 22, p. 127 — 22-26, p. 44 S. — 23, p. 86 — 24, p. 174 — 27, p. 351 …

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— 33. P- 38

— 40, p. 175 — 41, pp. 127, 128, 173, 174, 38411. XVI p. 201 — 1, p. 280 — 1-3, pp. in, 128, 143 — 1-6, p. 178 ff. — 4, pp. 173. 177 — 6, pp. 104, 384 n. — 6-7, p. 115 — 6-10, p. 194 ff. — 8, pp. 235, 264 — g f., p. 289 — 11, p. 70 — n-12, p. 205 — 12, p. 26 — 13-15, p. 313 ff. — 16-18, p. 215 ff. — 1…

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— 11, Pp- 324. 343

Index. 393 XX 6, pp. 70, 261 n., 26a — 6-7, p. 289 f. — 13, p. 389 f. — 14-18, p. 291 ff. — 17, p. 131 — 18 ff., p. 37 — 35, p. 388 — 38, pp. 121, 123 — 36-38, p. 392 ff. XXI p. 201 — 1-7, p. 392 ff. — 8, p. 37 — 8-11, p. 3°J ff- — 15-17. P- 3°! ff- — i5, pp. 71. 212 — 17-XXIV 33, p. 303 — 18, p. 378 …

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Source & rights

Public domain in the United States; historical edition scan/OCR from Internet Archive.

Project Gutenberg source record →

Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.