PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen
Ramsay, William Mitchell, Sir, 1851-1939 · 127,287 words · 192 reading sections
(13) And The Priest Of (13) And The Priests
8. THE APOSTLES AS GODS. (il) AND THE MULTITUDE, SEEING WHAT PAUL DID, LIFTED UP THEIR VOICE IN THE LYCAONIAN TONGUE, SAYING, " THE GODS HAVE TAKEN THE FORM OF MEN AND HAVE COME DOWN TO US" ; (l2) AND THEY CALLED BARNABAS ZEUS, AND PAUL HERMES. Accepted Text. Bezan Text. ZEUS, THE GOD BEFORE OF THE GOD, " ZEUS …
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The use of the Lycaonian language shows that the worshippers were not the Roman coloni, the aristocracy of the colony, but the natives, the less educated and more superstitious part of the population {incolce, p. 218). 9. DERBE. (XIV 19) AND THERE CAME JEWS FROM ANTIOCH AND ICONIUM ; AND THEY PERSUADED THE MULTIT…
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122 Foundation of the Churches of Galatia. Chap. V. in keeping with our conception of the precise and often pragmatically accurate expression of Luke, that he should in this passage have used the terra xeipoTovtf- aavres, unless he intended its strict sense. If he did not mean it strictly, the term is fatally ambi…
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Attaleia seems to be mentioned here solely as the port of departure (though they had formerly sailed direct up the Cestrus to Perga). Not catching Luke's fondness for details connected with the sea and harbours (p. 20), the Bezan Reviser reads : " they came down to Attaleia, giving them the good news ". 12. THE c…
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As is natural, Paul did not abandon the old and familiar usage of the term Ecclesia, when the new and more technical usage developed in his mind and Ian- Sec. 12. The Churches. 127 guage. The process is apparent in Gal. I 13, where the new sense occurs, though hardly as yet, perhaps, with full consciousness and i…
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One indirect piece of evidence may be added. Myra is an analogous name. Now the local form of accus. was Mvpav, for the Turkish Dembre comes from ttjv Mfipa(v), i.e. (et?) ttjv Mvpav. [It is most probable that in XXVII 5 Mvpav (or Mvppav) should be read, not Mvpa.] I know no evidence as to the local form of the da…
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132 Si. Paul in Galatia. Chap. VI formal documents. A Graeco-Roman civilisation using the Greek language was the type which Rome aimed at establishing in the East. The efforts of Rome to naturalise Western culture in Asia Minor were more successful than those of the Greek kings had been ; but still they worked at…
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In respect of education Christianity appears as filling a gap in the imperial policy, supplementing, not opposing it — a position which, though it earns no gratitude and often provokes hatred, implies no feeling of opposition in the giver. (3) Again, the main effort of Roman policy was directed towards encouragin…
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(4) There was another reason why the power of the Sec. i. The Imperial and the Christian Policy. 137 new religion was necessarily thrown on the side of the Roman policy. Greek civilisation was strongly opposed to the social system that was inseparably connected with the native religion in all its slightly varying …
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It is apparent how far removed we are from a view, which has been widely entertained, "that there was an entire dislocation and discontinuity in the history of Christianity in Asia Minor at a certain epoch ; that the Apostle of the Gentiles was ignored and his teaching repudiated, if not anathematised"; and that t…
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At first he adhered to his invariable custom of addressing such audience as was found within the synagogue. There was a large Jewish population in the Phrygian district of Galatia, as well as in Asian Phrygia (which Paul entered and traversed at a later date XIX 1). According to Dr. 142 St. Paul in Galatia. Chap. …
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144 St. Paul in Galatia. Chap. VI. gross superstitions were practised by the Jews of Thyatira. There seems, therefore, to be no real discrepancy between the evidence of Luke and Dr. Neubauer's inference about the Phrygian Jews from the Talmud. Naturally the approximation between Jews and Gentiles in Phrygia had n…
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Next we turn to the speech at Athens. So far was Paul from inveighing against the objects of Athenian veneration that he expressly commended the religious feelings of the people, and identified the God whom he had come to preach with the god whom they were blindly worshipping. He did not rebuke or check their reli…
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Sec. 3. Tone of Pauls Address to the Galatians. 149 your conduct towards the outside world, making your market to the full from the opportunity of this life. Let your con- versation be always gracious, seasoned with the salt and the refinement of delicacy, so as to know the suitable reply to make to every individu…
654 wordsSECTION 75The Apostolic Council.
the tale of her trials at Pisidian Antioch from the incon- gruous and vulgar additions by which it is disfigured. In the beautiful story as it was originally written, pro- bably in the latter part of the first century, Thekla appeared to the mass of the Antiochian populace to be a devotee of " the God," bound by a…
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Moreover, he had already communicated privately with 1 54 The Apostolic Council. Chap. VII. the recognised leaders in Jerusalem, and knew that their sentiments agreed with his own ; and he must have been fully alive to the great step in organisation which would be made, if Antioch set the example of referring suc…
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The Jews who had been settled for generations in the cities of Syria and Asia Minor had lost much of their exclusiveness in ordinary life (p. 143). Moreover, the development of events in Antioch had been gradual ; and no difficulty seems to have been caused there at first by this last step. We learn from Paul hims…
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POINTS RITUAL]. BEFORE THEM ALL, "HOW COM- PELLEST THOU THE NATIONS TO CON FORM TO JEWISH CERE- MONIAL?" It is noteworthy that Luke used the vague expression that " persons came down from Judaea," which is made more definite in v. 24 : the champions of circumcision Hrho caused the dissension in Antioch had …
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Sec. a. The Dispute in Antioch. 161 Paul alone stood firm. The issue of the situation is not described by Paul ; he had now brought down his narrative to the situation in which the Galatian defec- tion arose ; and his retrospect therefore came to an end, when he reached the familiar facts (p. 185 £). We must esti…
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But, it may be objected, Barnabas had wavered, and it is not accurate to represent him as a champion along with Paul. We reply that Paul does not make it clear how far Barnabas had gone with the tide : the matter was one of tendency, more than of complete separation. Peter began to withdraw and separate himself1 f…
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It is true that Peter once before denied his own affirmed principles, but that was when he was younger, when he was a mere pupil, when a terrible strain was put on him ; but this denial is supposed to have been made when he was in the maturity of his power, after he had experienced the quickening sense of responsi…
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1 68 The Apostolic Council. Chap. VII. after the conversion of Cornelius (XI 1-18). The general sense was clearly against the claim of the ex- treme Judaistic party (called "them of the circumcision" XI 2, Gal. II 12). But, while the champions of circumcision were clearly in the minority, apparently a decided fee…
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Another contrast between the second and the third visit must be observed. The Church sent forth several delegates along with Paul and Barnabas on the third journey ; but on the second they were the sole delegates. The common view, which identifies the second visit of Gat. II i-io with the third visit of Acts XV, i…
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But the real power of a law lies in its positive enact- ment ; and most people would look only to what the Decree ordered. Now, whether or not the last sentences must bear the sense, they certainly may naturally bear the sense, that part of the Law was absolutely compul- sory for salvation, and that the Nations we…
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Sec. 5. The Return to Antioch. 175 actual departure of Judas and Silas : but the officials of the Church in Antioch (the Elders?) simply informed Judas and Silas that their duties were concluded and they were free to return home, and Silas did not avail himself of the permission. Considering how XII 25 prepares t…
683 wordsSECTION 86History Of The Churches Of Galatia.
It appears from the term employed in v. 40 that Silas took the place of Barnabas, not of Mark. The latter was a mere unofficial companion in every case, as is shown by the word used.1 The verbs in the next few verses are all singular ; though it is clear that Silas is concerned in many of the actions. The singular…
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The historian is careful to add in this case, as he does 1 80 History of the Churches of Galatia. Chap. VIII. about the Seven Deacons (VI 3), about Cornelius (X 22, cp. 2), and as Paul does about Ananias (XXII 12), and as is implied in I 21, that Timothy had so lived as to bear a good character in the district whe…
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1 82 History of the Churches of Galatia. Chap. VIII. Syria and Cilicia. That springs naturally from the political conditions, and it grew stronger as time passed, until the two divisions became the patriarchates of Con- stantinople and of Antioch. At this point Luke inserts an account of Paul's action in the citi…
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3. LETTER TO THE CHURCHES OF GALATIA. Paul saw that his vision of the Church that should unite the civilised world was a vain dream, if it were to be bound by the fetters of Judaism ; and he felt, as soon as he heard of this defection, that it must be met at once. If these Churches, his first foundations towards t…
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Here in passing let us ask the question, Did Paul in this autobiographical sketch, given in such solemn yet vehement style, with the oath by God that he is not deceiving them — did Paul, I say, omit to mention that he had paid another visit to Jerusalem between the two that he describes ? The question seems almost…
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After this autobiographical sketch, Paul refers to an instance which showed very strongly his independence in face of the leading Apostle Peter, and then passes on to the third and main argument of his adversaries, founded on the supposed grades in Christian life. His line of reply is to bring out in various ways …
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We conclude, then, that Timothy went to pay a visit to his friends, not before the latter part of Paul's stay in Corinth ; and, when he found out the real state of affairs in South Galatia, he went to meet Paul with the news. Owing to Paul's movements, there are only two places where Timothy could have met him, — …
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5. THE LATER HISTORY OF THE CHURCHES OF GALATIA is obscure. They took part in the contribu- tion raised by the Pauline Churches for the poor brethren at Jerusalem (p. 286 f.), and were represented in the delegation that carried it to Jerusalem. Thereafter history ends, and tradition alone preserves some scraps of …
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196 The Coming of Luke. Chap. IX. often strikes us in this history. We have already noticed, p. 115, that Luke loves the triple iteration of successive words or clauses to produce a certain effect in arresting attention. The reading of the inferior MSS. suits the South- Galatian theory admirably ; but that fact n…
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2. THE CALL INTO MACEDONIA. This is in many respects the most remarkable paragraph in Acts. In the first place the Divine action is introduced three times in four verses, marking and justifying the new and great step which is made at this point. In XIII i-ii also the Divine action is mentioned three times, leadin…
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3. the coming of luke. The introduction of the first person at this striking point in the narrative Sec. 3. The Coming of Luke. 201 must be intentional. This is no general statement like XIV 22 (though even there the first person has a marked effect, p. 123). Every one recognises here a distinct assertion that th…
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Beyond this we cannot penetrate through the veil in which Luke has enveloped himself. Was he already a Christian, or did he come under the influence of Christianity through meeting Paul here ? for the prohi- bition against preaching in Asia would not preclude Paul from using the opportunity to convert an individua…
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To a certain extent the wealth of maritime details might be accounted for by the loving interest with which Luke dwelt on his journeys in company with Paul ; but 1 Hobart, The Medical Language of St. Luke, a work which has to be used with the caution that the author recognises as neediul. 206 The Coming of Luke. C…
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2o8 The Coming of Luke. Chap. IX. touches of quiet humour are perhaps less characteristically Greek ; but he was not the old Greek of the classical period : he was the Greek of his own age, when Greece had been for centuries a power in Asia; when Macedonia had long been the leading Greek country ; when Stoicism a…
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The Bezan " we " in XI 28 will satisfy those who consider the Bezan Text to be Lukan ; but to us it appears to condemn the Bezan Text as of non-Lukan origin. The warmth of feeling, which breathes through all parts of Acts dealing with the strictly Greek world, is in striking contrast with the cold and strictly his…
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I. PHI LI PPL (XVI 13) ON THE SABBATH DAY WE WENT FORTH WITHOUT THE GATE BY THE RIVER SIDE, WHERE THERE WAS WONT TO BE HELD A MEETING FOR PRAYER ; AND WE SAT DOWN, AND SPAKE UNTO THE WOMEN THAT CAME TOGETHER. (14) AND A CERTAIN WOMAN NAMED LYDIA, A SELLER OF PURPLE, OF THE CITY OF THYATIRA, A GOD-FEARING proselyt…
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The idea was universally entertained that ventriloquism was due to superhuman influence, and implied the power of foretelling the future. The girl herself believed this ; and in her belief lay her power. Her words need not be taken as a witness to Christianity. " God the Highest " was a wide-spread pagan expressio…
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2 1 8 The Churches of Macedonia. Chap. X. expression is so concise, should have intended to leave in his text two clauses which say exactly the same thing. The title Praetors was not technically accurate, but was frequently employed as a courtesy title for the supreme magistrates of a Roman colony ; and, as usual…
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There are several difficulties which occur to every one on first reading this passage. (1) The opening of the doors and the undoing of the bonds by the earthquake seem incredible to one who thinks of doors like those in our prisons and of handcuffed prisoners. But any one Sec. 4- The Prison and the Earthquake. 221…
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Sec. 5. Release and Departure fro?n Philippi. 223 REPORTED THE MESSAGE TO PAUL THAT " THE PR/ETORS HAVE SENT orders THAT YOU BE SET FREE. NOW, THEREFORE, GO FORTH AND TAKE YOUR WAY IN PEACE." (37) BUT PAUL SAID UNTO THEM : " THEY FLOGGED US IN PUBLIC without investigation, ROMAN CITIZENS AS WE ARE, AND CAST US IN…
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Yet Paul, as a Roman citizen, must have known his rights ; and it seems clear that he could not have used the exact words which Luke reports. Now, when we consider the facts, we see that it must be so. No civis Romanus would claim his rights in Greek ; the very idea is ludicrous. Paul claimed them in the Roman ton…
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In this journey a more pointed distinction than before between the short period of synagogue work, and the longer period of general work, may be noticed. The yvvaiK&v re rwj/ npwrau ouk 6\iyai, approximating to the Bezan Text, and to that of the inferior MSS. followed in the Authorised Version. 228 The Churches o…
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The step taken by the politarchs was the mildest that was prudent in the circumstances : they bound the accused over in security that peace should be kept. This was a penalty familiar in Roman law, from which it must have been adopted in the ordinary practice of provincial towns like Thessalonica. Paul evidently …
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Here, just as at Thessalonica, a wider influence than the circle of the synagogue is distinctly implied, v. 12, so that we must understand that Paul preached also to the Greek population. The nobler conduct of the Bercean Jews consisted in their freedom from that jealousy, which made the Jews in Thessalonica and …
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1 Ptolemy gives Thessaly to Macedonia, Strabo to Achaia (for we cannot accept Mommsen's interpretation of Strab. p. 840, making Thessaly always Macedonian ; cp. Strab. p. 576) : at some unknown time Thessaly was separated from Achaia (Brandis thinks by Pius, Marquardt by Vespasian, but perhaps 44 may have been the …
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I ATHENS. (XVII l6) NOW WHILE PAUL WAS WAIT- ING FOR THEM IN ATHENS, HIS SOUL WAS PROVOKED WITHIN HIM AS HE BEHELD THE CITY FULL OF IDOLS. (17) SO HE REASONED IN THE SYNAGOGUE WITH THE JEWS AND THE PROSELYTES, AND IN THE MARKET- PLACE EVERY DAY WITH CHANCE COMERS. . . . (23) "AS I WENT THROUGH THE CITY SURVEYING …
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Here we observe the same double mission as in Bercea, Thessalonica, and elsewhere ; and, as in other cases, the Jewish mission is mentioned first. There is one marked difference between this passage and the corresponding descriptions at Bercea and Thessalonica. In those cases great results were attained ; but in A…
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MIDST OF THE Council of AREOPAGUS AND SAID . . . 16 242 Athens and Corinth. Chap. XI. (3$) THUS PAUL WENT FORTH FROM THE MIDST OF THEM. The explanatory clause in v. 18 is wanting in the Bezan Text and an old Latin Version, and is foreign to Luke's fashion of leaving the reader to form his own ideas with regard …
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Further, it is inconsistent with the patriotism and pride of the Athenians that they should conduct a foreigner for whom they expressed such contempt to the most impressive seat of Athenian religious and national history, in order that he might there talk to them. The Athenians were, in many respects, flippant ; b…
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Two questions have to be answered in regard to the scene that follows : why was Paul taken before the Council ? and what were the intentions of the philosophers in taking him there? It is clear that Paul appeared to the philosophers as one of the many ambitious teachers who came to Athens hoping to find fame and f…
678 wordsSECTION 116Athens And Corinth.
The unmistakable tone of contempt in the description suits a Macedonian describing an Athenian crowd (for the two peoples always disliked and despised each other) ; and it is not undeserved. As Mr. Capes says in his University Life in Ancient Athens: "the people Sec. 2. In the University at Athens. 249 commonly w…
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HIS OFFSPRING. (29) being then the offspring OF GOD, WE OUGHT NOT TO THINK THAT THE DIVINE NATURE IS LIKE UNTO GOLD OR SILVER OR STONE, GRAVEN BY ART AND DEVICE OF MAN. (30) NOW THE TIMES OF IGNORANCE GOD OVERLOOKED, BUT AT PRESENT HE CHARGETH ALL MEN EVERY- WHERE TO REPENT, (31) INASMUCH AS HE HATH SET A DAY ON…
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It would appear that Paul was disappointed and perhaps disillusioned by his experience in Athens. He felt that he had gone at least as far as was right in the way of presenting his doctrine in a form suited to the current philosophy ; and the result had been little more than naught When he went on from Athens to C…
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The careful record of Aquila's antecedents must, on our hypothesis, be taken as not a mere picturesque detail ; Luke mentioned his Roman residence, because it had Sec 4. Corinth. 255 some bearing on his subject. After some time (during most of which Paul had been in Aquila's company at Corinth and at Ephesus), a …
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It seems to be implied by w. 8, 17, that there was only one archisynagogos in the Corinthian synagogue ; and, when Crispus became a Christian, a successor was appointed. At Pisidian Antioch there were several archi- synagogoi. M. S. Reinach has shown from a Smyrnaean inscription that the title in Asia Minor did no…
714 wordsSource & rights
Public domain in the United States; historical edition scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.