R. W. Moss. ANTIOCHUS ¥. {ECrdrup, 'bom of a noble f%ther') succeeded his father, A. Epiphanes, in
AJS^riOCHUS VI.
AXVIL
107
B.C. 164, at the age of 9 (App. Syr. 46, 66) or of U (Euseb. Chron. Arm. i. 34S) years. Kpipli. had appointed his foster-brother (2 Mac U^) I'hilip as his son's guardian (1 Mac 6'^ " ; Jos. Ant. xil. ix. 2) ; but jLysias, the governor of the provinces from the Euphrates to Egypt, assumed that function (1 Mac 3^"). In B.C. 163 Lysias and A. led an expedition to the relief of Jerus., which was being besieged by Judas Maccab. (1 Mac 6"*''" ; Jos. Ant. XII. Ix. 3). The armies met at Bethzacharias, some 9 miles to the N. of Bethsura (Bethzur), wliere Judas was defeated (Jos. Ant. XII. ix. 4; Wars, I. i. 5 ; 1 Mac 6"). [2 Mac IS'"- ", on the other nand, represents Judas as victorious, but is clearly onhistorical.] A. took Bethsura, and proceeded to lay siege to Jerus. Within the city scarcity of food was soon felt, as the year was a Sabbatical one (1 Mac 6'"^); and news that Philip was approaching Antioch was received by the besiegers. Peace was made on the condition that the Jews should be left undisturbed in their national customs (1 Mac 6", 2 Mac 13^) ; but A. violated this condition by destroying the city fortilications and imprisoning the high priest (1 Mac 6"^; Jos. Ant. XII. ix. 7). Philip was conquered with ease at Antioch ; but in B.C. 162 A. himself was betrayed into the hands of his cousin, Demetrius Soter, and put to death (1 Mac 7^ 2 Mac 14'; Jos. Ant. XII. X. 1; App. Syr. 47; Polyb. xxxi. 19; Liv. Epit. 46).
R. W. Moss. ANTIOCHUS YI. (sumamed 'Ein<pavi]i Atbwaot on coins, but debt in Jos. Ant. XIII. viL 1) was a son of Alexander Balas (App. Syr. 68) and Cleopatra. In B.C. 145, while still a child, he was brought from Arabia, where he had remained with nis father's captor, and set up by Diodotus (Tryphon, wb. see) as a claimant to the throne of tsyria, then held by Demetrius Nikator. Tryphon secured the support of the Syrian generals, and of Jonathan (wh. see), who was appointed to the civil and ecclesiastical, Simon to the military, headsliip of Pal.: and A. was acknowledged as king by the greater part of Syria. The success of Jonathan m subduing the whole country from Tyre and Damascus to Egypt aroused the jealousy or the fear of Tryphon, who, by stratagem, imprisoned and afterwards put him to death (B.C. 143). The next year (or possibly later: see Jos. Ant. XI II. viL 1 ; 1 Mac 13" ; App. Syr. 67, 68 ; Justin, xxxvi. 1 ; but the evidence of coins is in favour of the earlier date) Trj'phon procured the aHaa«siuation of A. by surgeons (Liv. Epit. 55), and asBuined the crown of S. Syria in his stead. K. VV. Moss.
ANTIOCHUS YII. (sumamed 2iJjH«. fro™ the place of his education. Side in Pamphylia, Euseb. Chron. Arm. i. 349 ; also euaefi-fft in Jos. Ant. XIII. viii. 2 ; and tiepyirrji on coins) was the second son of Demetrius Soter. In B.C. 138 he expelled Tryphon, and without further opposition obtained the throne of Syria. At lirst he confirmed to Simon iin- mnnitics granted by former kings, and added the right of coining money (1 Mac 15-") ; but after- wards demanded tlie surrender of tlio principal fortresses (1 Mac 15-'""). Simon refusea to give them up, and defeated the king's oflicer Cendebajua (1 Mac le'-'"; Jos. Ant. Xlll. vii. 3). In B.C. 13,'') A. in person led an army into Judsea, and besieged Jerus. The siege lasted for many months, in the course of which A. sent sacrilices into the city at the Feast of Tabernacles (Jos. A nt. XIII. viii. 2), but allowed no provisions to pa.sa his lines. Peace was at length made on terms which restored the Syrian ■npremacy (Jos. Ant. XIII. viii. 3), without unduly provoking the intervention of Rome (ib. Xlll. ix. 2). In B.C. 129 Hyrcanus (wh. see) accompanied A. In an expedition against the Parthians, but the next year the king fell in battle with Arsaces VII.
(ib. XIII. viii. 4; App. Syr. 68; -Tustin, xxxviii. 10; Liv. Epit. 55). li. W. Moss.
ANTIPAS (Antipater).— Sea under Herod.
ANTIPAS ('AvWi-as).— On)y mentioned in Rev 2", in the Epistle to the Church of Pergamum, in the following terms : ' I knov» where thou dwellest, where the throne of Satan Is ; and tliou lioldest my name, and didst not deny my faith, even (or and) in the days of Antipas (nominative), my witncs.s, (my) faithful one, who was slain among you, where Satan dwelleth.' Some authorities insert iv afs ('in which') after 'he word ' days ' ; and two versions take the worii Antipas as a verb, avTiiira^ ('thou didst contradict'); but tlicre is no pro- bability that this is correct. WH tliink it not unlikely that 'twrlira In the gen. should be read.
Various allegorical interpretations of the name are current, one making A. the withstander of all, and identifying him with Timothy ; another descending as low as Antipas=Antipaiia. But the name must in all likolihood be that of a real man, and is probably a shortened form of Antipater.