' When those that lewd and wicked ut
spring quickly up like ^raas. And workere of iniquity do flourish all apace.*
* Gallop apac«, you fiery-footed steeds.'
Shaks. licnn. arid Jul. til. 2. 1.
' Bmall weeds have grace, great weeds do prow apace.'
Rich. It I. ii. 4. 13.
J. Hastings. APAME {'Ardiiii). — Daughter of Bartacua, and concubine of Darius I. (I Es 4").
APES (D•!:^p, Hphtm, wtBriKot, rimtae).— Animals of the simian type, imported by the merchant navy of Solomon (1 K 10-=', 2 Ch 9-'). There is no reason to believe that any one kind, or even family, of apes is intended. Many kinds were known to the ancients, and the ships of Asia and Africa constantly brought then, as they do now, various species of apes and monkeys. Aris- totle divides the simians into three groups — the KTJ^oi, the rlOriKot, and the itiKox^i^aXoi. But it is clear that the translators of the LXX did not understand <c^;3oi to be the equivalent of kOphim, for they have translated the latter wiOriKoi. As a naturalist, Solomon would no doubt have wished specimens of as many kinds as po.ssible of so curious an animal as the ape, and, regui ad exemplar, it would have been fashionable among his courtiers
to possess these grotesque mimics of humanity Hence the steady market for apes as well as peacocks and ivory. G. E. Post.
APELLES CAireW^s).— The name of a Christian greeted by St. Paul in Ro lO'", and described as the ' approved in Christ.' It was the name borne by a distinguished tragic actor, and by members of the household. Most commentators quote also llor. Sat. i. 5. 100, Credat Iuda:us Apella, nun ego. See Lightfoot, Philippians, p. 172 ; Sanday and Headlam, Uunuins, p. 425. For later traditions, which are valueless, see Acta Sanct., April, iii. 4.
A. C. Headlam.
APH^REMA CA<pelpefui), I Mac 11**.— A district taken from Samaria and added to Judoea by De- metrius Soter {Ant. XIII. iv. 9), probably that round the city Ephraim. C. R. Cos UElt.
APHARSACHITES.— See next article.
APHARSATHCHITES (K:?ncn5N Ezr 4», probably the same as llie Apharsachites,* K;:pn5x Ezr 5" 6'^). — A colony of the Assyrians in Samaria ; an eastern people subject to the Assyrians. Ewald {H.I iv. 1878, p. 216) identifies them with the nopip-aKTjxoi (Herod. L 101), a tribe of the Medes, dwelling on the borderland between Media and Persia.
J. Macpherson.
APHARSITES(K:p-irs!Ezr49).— One of the nations transported to Samaria by the AssjTians. Other- wise unknown. By many {e.g. Ewald, H.I. iv. 216) supposed to be Persians ; dts with the prosthetic k in the Heb. form. Others have con-
iecturally identified them with the Parrliasians of J. Media. J. Macpherson.
APHEK (?£:!< 'a fortress').— This was the name of at least four places in Palestine.
1. A city whose king was slain by Joshua (Jos 12"), where we should read with the LXX, 'the king of Aphek in Sharon.' This is probably the city mentioned in 1 S 4'. The Israelites were at Ebenezer, between Mizpeh and Shen. With common consent Mizpeh is located at A^eby Samwil, but Shen is unknown, so Ebenezer and Aphek still await identification. Kakon, in the plain of Sharon, a strong position commanding the main entrance to Samaria, would suit admirably, but no echo of the ancient name has been heard in the district.
2. A city in the territory of Asher (Jos 13* 19™) from which the Canaanites were never expelled (Jg 1*' — where it is written P'Sk). Apparently in the vicinity of Achzib, its position is uncertain. A possible identification is 'Afka on the Adonis, Nahr Ibrahim, but this seems to be too far north.
3. A spot, generally supposed to be in the plain of Esdraelon, whence the Philistines advanced to the battle of Gilboa (1 S 29'). Wellhausen and W. R. Smith give reasons for thinking this identical with 1 ; and G. A. Smith now agrees {PEFSt, 1895, 252). If the identity is established, the Philistines assembled in Sharon, and approached Jezreel by way of Dothan. If, however, they moved from Shunem to Aphek, against Saul, the place must be sought in some ' fortress ' westward of Jezreel ; the fountain near which Israel was encamped being most likely 'Ain Jalud, at the N'. base of Gilboa. I'uku'a, on the mountain itself, is hardly possible.
i. The scene of Benhadad's disastrous defeat (1 K 2U'-''-'"). This place was in the misMr, nitr-?, the table-land east of the Jordan, and is probably identical with Fik, on the lip of the valley eastward
• Koaters thinks that Apharsachites of KzT (>'■ 6'> is an offlcia) title which the author of 4« has tuistaaen (or the name of a tribe or country iUergtei v. I»r. 66 f.).
apiip:kah
APOCALYPTIC LITERATURE 109
of Kal'at el-flusn, overlooking the Sea of Gdlilee. File is iu3t the lleb. word without the iniiial aleph ; out occasionally one hears the natives call it 'Afik, when the ancient name appears entire. l'"roni the edge of the valley eastward stretches the plain, mUhdr, of Jauliin, where the great battle was foQgbt. Here the Syrians again suli'ered defeat at the hands of Joash (2 K 13"- »).
LrrmiTTRB.— W. R. Smith, OTJC pp. 278, 435 ; Wellhauseu, Comp. d. Uex. p. 254, llul. p. 39; O. A. Smith, llint. Geofj. Indej, and esp. Crit. lin. (1892), p. 409 f. W. EwiNG.