• Dr. Blanckenkorn discuasefl the process of formation of r?T>seou8 deposits in the Jordan valley : ' Enst. und Gesch. des Todten Meers,' ZHUch. d. DeuUch. falattina-Vereiru (ISM).
f Tristram, Land qf iloab, p. 3B3.
j Ant. xvii. vi.
j Land o/ iloab, p. 242. The above is the temperature of the hottest of several sprincs at its source. L.artet gives the temperature of 8S* F. (31* Cent), but this was taken from the Itream. Vo]/a<ie d' Exploration, p. 290 (1880).
I Tristram, Land of Isratl. pp. 283, 305, and 8fi8.
% Lieut. Lynchs Exped., Off. Rep. p. 202.
X Fhy: Otog UoId Land, 241.
the Jordan and the Yarmuk is due to the passage of the waters tlirough volcanic rocks belonging to late Tertiary periods wliich still retain some of their original heat at various depths below the surface ; and, as Lartet observes, most of the springs on the east side of the Jordan rise from the great Ime of fault which ranges along the base of the Moabite table-land * (see Arabah). .
Brimstone is, besides in the narrative of Un 19-*, repeatedly referred to in connexion with denuncia- tions of the wTath of God on tlie wicked, whether nations (Dt29»», 13 349) or individuals (Ps IP). The extensive occurrence of sulplmr in the depression of the Dead Sea indicates that this substance may have contributed towards the destruction of the Cities of the Plain. E. HULL.
BRING There are many obsolete or archaic
uses of the verb 'to bring' in AV, of w-hich the following deserve attention. 1. 'Bring on the way,' i.e. to escort, Gn 18" ' Abraham went with them, to b. them on the way ' {n)v) ; Ac 21" ' they all brought us on our way . . . tUl we were out of the city ' {rpoT^inru, so Ac 15', Ro 15 , 2 Co 1"). Or 'to bring on one's journey. Tit 3", 1 Co 16' 'that ye may bring me on my journey whithersoever I go' (irpoTriinru, RV 'b. forward on my j.', as 3 Jn« AV, RV). Cf. Tourneur (1611) 'Th« skie is dark; we'll bring you oer the fields.' Similar is the phrase ' to bring by a way ' Is 42" ' I will bring the blind by a way that they know not' ; and cf. 2 S 7" ' thou hast brought me hitherto.' 2. Bring about occurs only Uv\ce, and not in the mod. sense of ' cause to happen,' but 'cause to come round' (Heb. icn), 1 S 5'° 'they have brought about the ark of the God of Israel to us ' ; 2 § 3" ' to b. about all Israel unto thee. Cf. Shaks. 3 Henry IV. II. v. 27—
' How many hours bring about the day t'
3. Bring again, in the sense of 'bring back,' ii frequent (Heb. mostly 3X".3). In Gn 14" ' b. back andf ' b. again ' are used in turn, showing that the phrases were identical in meaning and in- different in use, 'And he brought back (3^;;) all the goods, and also brouglit again (nVo) hia brother Lot.' A favourite exi)ression is 'b. again the captivity,' always of J' ('again' " jf ed with the first perion, Jer 30= 4S" 49=^, Ezk 16»» 29" 39", Jl 3', Am 9" ; ' back' with the 2nd and 3rd pers., Ps 14' 53' 85').t ' Back ' is omitted in AV, but introduced by RV, in Ec 32" ' who shall b. him to see (RV 'b. him back to see') what shall be after him?' See Again. 4. Bring forth is the tr° of a great variety of expressions whose shade of meaning ought not to be obliterated. Notice esp. Is 41" 'bring forth your strong reasons, the only example of the obsol. meaning ' to adduce, ' express' ; of. More (1532) 'The places of Scripture whiche Helvidius broughte ftirth for the con- trarye.' 5. Bring up. Besides the use of this phrase literally, as 'to bring up out of Egypt, Gn 46* ' I will go down with thee into Egypt ; and I will also surely bring thee up again ' ; or 'up to Jerus.' in ref. to its height, 2 S 6" 'David . . . brou"ht up the ark of the LORD with shouting, Ezr 1" ' All these did Sheshbazzar brmg up, when
they of the captivity were brouglit up from liaby- lon unto Jerusalem'' ; or to the temple in ref. to its elevated situation, Neh lO'* 'the Levites shall bring up the tithe of the tithes unto the house of our God' ; or ' up out of .e earth,' 1 S 28« 'and he (Saul) said, I pray thee, divine unto me by the familiar spirit, and bring me up wliomsoever I
• Lartet, mpra. cU. ; HuU, Gfel'VV o.f Arabia- Petraa ana PalesliM, Hem. Pal. Bxplor. Soc. (18b6), p. 23
t The Heb., strangely enough, is always a<e*. The me»nin« la disputed. See Driver on Dt 303.
BROID, BROLDER
BROTHERLY LOVE
323
•hall name unto thee,' so »• u w^ u : besides these, khere is the familiar plirase to bring up, i.e. train, children ; see esp. Gn 5U^, 2 K lO", 2 S 21*. Job 31", Pr 29", La 4», Lk 4", Ac 13> ' Manaen, which had been brought up w-ith Herod ' (RV ' the foster- brother of), 22*, Eph 6*. But the most important IB the obsol. use of this phrase to signify the originating of slander, as Dt 22'*- " ' he hath brought up an evil name upon a virgin of Israel' ; cf. Nu 13" ' they brought up an evil report of the land.' J. Hastings.