BROID, BROIDER.— I Ti 2» 'with broided hair' {ir T\iyiuiaiv, 'in plaits'). RV gives the mod. spelling ' braided,' as AV in Jth 10* ' braided the hair of her head,' for Coverdale's ' broyded.' Cf. —
' Hir yelow heer woa broyded in a trewe Behind hire back.'
Chaucer, Enighft Tale, 1061.
Broldered is given Ex 28* as tr. of py ? tashbez, ' a b. coat' (RV 'coat of chequer work') ; and seven times in Ezk (16'»- >»• " 26'* 27'- "■ ") as tr. of nipT rikmAh. ' Broid,' which means to weave or plait, and ' broider,' which means to adorn with needle- work (mod. 'embroider'), have no connexion in etymology or meaning (tliough they were often confounded in the 16tli cent.), yet most mod. edd. of A V give ' broidered ' for ' broided ' in 1 Ti 2».
J. HA.STINOS.
BROKENHEARTED Three words (mistakenly
spelt with liyphen in mod. edd. AV) are (1) 'bpokenfootcd,' Lv 21'», (2) 'brokenhanded,' 21'» (\, S;t "gy, which Oxf. Heb. Lex. takes to mean fracture of the leg and of the arm), and (3) ' brokenhearted,' Is 61' (^^-'laf j), Lk 4'* (jvmtrpiiJL- fUvm T^i> KapSlav, exactly as LXX of Is 61'). For the thought cf. Ps 34'» 51'' 109"- *", Pr 15", Is 57" 66«, and see Contiute. J. Hasting.s.
BROOCH, Ex 35^ RV.— See Bracelet, Buckle.
BROOK (Vn;). — There is no absolute distinction between a brook and a river, except as regards size, and this distinction will vary with each country. Perhaps the only stream in Palestine to which the term 'river' is applicable is the Jordan ; but in tlie AV the term is applied to a few other streams such as the Kishon (Jg 4' 5" ; in 1 K 18*> it is called a 'brook'), and the 'River of Egypt' AV (\Vady el-'Arish), Nu 34», is translated ' Brook of Egypt,' RV. 'rnj has no proper Eng. equivalent, ' brook ' suggesting sometliing too small. It cor- responds exactly to Waily.
Palestine, regarded in the widest sense of the term, is remarkable for its 'brook' courses. Many of them, however, are now dry, or only occasionally contain water ; but they testify tiy thpir depth and extent to the existence of a former period when the rainfall was much greater than it 18 at the present H.iy. This observation applies sspecially to the valleys of the Sinaitic peninsula and the great limestone plateau, known as the Badlet et-Tth, extending from the aoiitliurn limits of the territory of .ludali along tlie lialir esSaba to the Sinaitic mountainH. Most of the ' brooks ' of Northern and Western Palestine are perennial (being fed in dry weather by the springs which issue forth from the limestone strata or other permeable for- mation, sucli as the basaltic sheets of the Haurdn and .laul.ln), and give rise to many fine streams, ■)( which the Hieromax (Yarmfik) is the most imjiiirtant.
fi'estem Palestine. The brooks of the region lying to the west of the Jordan valley take tlieir rise near the centre of the plateau in springs, and thence descend to the shores of the Mediterranean on the one hand, or to the Jonlan and Dead Sea on the other. The former commence with a rapid full
through deep and narrow channels, and then, or reaching the maritime plain, they follow a sluggish course to the sea-coast. It is otherwise, however, with the brooks entering the Jordanic valley ; for, in consequence of their sources being less distant from their outlets than is the case with the Mediterranean tributaries, and the vertical fall being much greater, they have eroded their channels sometimes to extraordinary depths, and issue forth on the Jordanic plain through ravines bounded by lofty walls of rock which are continuous with the cliffs and escarpments forming the margin of the plain iUself. As exarajiles of these may be mentioned (a) the W.ldy el-'Aujch, which has its source at a height of about 3UUU feet above the level of the Mediterranean, and descends to its outlet in the Jordan valley to a depth of 1200 feet below the same plane ; the total fall being 4200 feet within a distance of about 15 miles, or at the rate of 280 feet per mile ; (b) the Kelt, which, rising in springs at Bireh (lieeroth) at a level of about 2800 feet, reaches the Jordan at a level of 1170 feet below the same plane within a distance of 21 miles ; the fall being at the rate of 190 feet per mile ; and (c) the brook Kidron (Wady el- Nahr), which, rising at the Virgin's Fountain, E. of Jerusalem, at a level of about 2400 feet, enters the Dead Sea through the remarkable gorge of Mar Saba, at a level of 1300 feet below the same plane ; the total fall being at the rate of 264 feet per mile. These examples will suffice to gdve some idea of the character of the brook channels to the east of the ridge, or plateau, of Western Palestine. Some of those that enter the Jordanic depression from the Moabite plateau pass through remarkably deep channels, of which the Callirrhoe (Zerka' Ma in) and the Amon (Mojib) are examples.
E. Hull. BROOM, Job 30* RV.— See Juniper.
BROTH, Jg 6'»- *>, Is 65*.— See Food.
BROTHER.— See Family, and Brethren.