• Lit. 'aenselesa animals.' In Ac 2527 (t;v 'unreasonable') i>iryts is taken by Tha.ver and others in the sense of 'contrary Ui reason.'
t 'Bruit' was th« SDellinfr of AV cd. 1611 in 2 P 2'=, but brute ' in Jude v. 10
2 P 2" Wyclif and Rheims NT have ' unreasonabla beasts,' Tindale, Cranmer, Geneva, and AV ' brut€ beasts ' ; but in Jude v.'" wliile Wyclif and Rheims have ' dumb beasts,' Tindale, Cranmer, and Geneva give ' beasts which are without reason.'
Brutish is given in Ps 94«, Is 19", Jer 10»- "■ " 51", Ezk 21" as tr. of tlie verb lyn bd'ar 'to be stuj)id ' ; and in Ps 49" 92", Pr 12' 30^ to which RV adds Ps TS*" as tr. of the noun is;3 ba'ar ' brutishness.' The idea is thoughtless ignorance like that of beasts. J. HASTINGS.
BUCKET.— See under Food.
BUCKLE, or rather brooch («-6piri;, Jtbula), on the same principle as a modem safety-pin, by which the over-garment or wrap (xXai^-a, palla, saguin) was pinned at the slioulder. In the Rom. world presents often took the form of brooches (Plant. Epid. v. i. 33; Mil. Glor. iv. i. 13), as presents of jewellery are made amongst us. The rewards for valour, distinguished service, etc. , in the Rom. army, took sometimes the shape of brooches (Arch. Epigr. Mitth. iii. p. 51), which came to resemble modern epaulettes and served as military decorations. In the Western Provinces of the Rom. Empire golden brooches were common, and have survived to our day in great numbers. In the Oriental Provinces, however, as appears from 1 Mac 10^ ll"* H", only kinn;s or king-priests were allowed the use of gold. This restriction of the use of gold (as of purjile) is probably a survival of one of the ' royal and priestly ' taboos, found all over the world. But, when taken up into the political system of the Empire, it produced a sort of Order of the Buckle, which may be compared with our Order of tlie Garter, though no myth was invented to account for the origin of the former.
F. B. Jevons.
BUCKLER (pc magm). — The buckler was a round shield, small and easily carried, whereas the true shield, Heb. njs zinnah { = dvpe6s in Eph 6"), was large and oblong, sometimes carried by a bearer (1 S 17'), sometimes used as a screen behind which an archer miglit shoot against tlie defenders of a wall (Ezk 26', where the tr. should be ' shall set up shields'). Polybius describes the shield as having a double framework of wood fastened together with glue and with a covering on the outer surface, first of linen and then of calf's skin. It had also round the edge, above and below, an iron rim, so tliat it could meet sword-cuts from above, or again be fixed firmly against the ground without injury (Polyb. vi. 23. Cf. the rest of the passage (a) quoted under ARMOUR).
It was this true shield, just described, which was carried by the legionaries, and to which St. Paul alhides: feph 6'« ' the shield of faith.' Cf. Ps 91* 'His truth is a shield and a buckler' RV, where, however, 'buckler' should be 'endosing-sliield,' nnna sohcrnh, a .synonym of ziimnh. God's faithfulness meeting man's faith makes man's defence perfect.
W. E. Barnes.
BUFFET, a dim. from buff ' a blow ' (still exist- ent in lilind man's buff"), is (1) noun=a bloM', as Jn 19=' Wye. ' thei gauen to livm butlattis,' and (2) verb=give blows, beat, as Pilgr. Per/. (1520) 2.')9, ' Wlion lie was buH'etted and beten for vs.' In AV the verb only is used, and always as tr. of (coXa^ffoj (Mt '26", iMk 14" 1 Co 4", 2 Co 12', 1 P 2-'»), whicli means to strike with the list, a word found only in NT and Liter eccles. writers. RV gives ' bulVct ' .is tr. also of iJTruTTids'w in 1 Co 9-' ' I b. my body ' (AV 'keqi under,' RV^m 'brui.se'). The same word is tr'' ' wear out ' in Lk 18° ' Lest she wear me out by her continual coming' (AV 'weary me,' RVm ' bruise me '). It is an extremely forcible word, literally ' to give a blow beneath the eye ' (inrb and
BUGEAN
BURIAL
331
Si'p), then ' to beat black and blue.' (See Expos. Times, vol. i. p. 243 ; and I'lummer, Luke in loc).
J. Hastings. BUGEAN. — A descriptive epitliet applied to Haman in Ad. Est I» KV (AV lias 'A^-agite'). Not only in this p;issaj,'e, but in Est 3' 8' 9^", LXX Tends ^ot^atot for Heb. •:;(<, but everywhere e.xcept in tlie ApocT. book RV retains the AV rendering Agagite. jioiTaios occurs in Homer (//. xiii. 824, Oi/. xviii. 79) as a term of reproach = ' bully ' or ' hragjiart.' Whetlier the Sept. intended it in this sense, or as a gentilic adjective, is wliolly uncertain. See AOAGITE, Haman. J. A. Selbie.
BUKKI {•^2).—i, Son of Jogli, a prince of the tribe of Dan, and one of the ten men entru.sted with the task of dividin" the land of Canaan among the tribes of Israel (Nu 34-). 2. Son of Abishua and father of Uzzi, fifth in descent from Aaron in the line of the high priests through Phinehas (1 Ch G'-»', Ezr 7^). In 1 Es 8- he is called Boccas, for which Borith is substituted in 2 Es 1^ It is doubtful whether he ever tilled the office of high priest, as the statements of Josephus on the point are contradictory (Ant. V. xi. 5, vill. i. 3).