The modem village consists of about fifty houses, occupied by Moslems. There are few antiquities. Fragments of broken columns and carved stones, a Roman aqueduct nearly buried in refuse, part of the old walls and castle, and several niches in the rock over the spring, are practically all that remain of the splendours of old Caesarea Philippi.
W. EwiNG.
CAGE (a:"??), Jer 5".— The houses of the rich, stufled with craftily-obtained wealth and articles of luxury, are compared to a cage full of birds. The reference in the previous verse to bird-traps would at first suggest that ' cage ' here continues the. t+jought of fowling, but the stress laid on the fulness of the houses points perhaps to a wicker- case or crate full of pigeons and fowls. This is a common market si^ht in the East : the crate being literally stufled, and the birds craning their necks out at every opening to get breath and escape oppression. The meaning of ' cage ' is sup- ported by the cage {KdpraWos) of Sir 11^", which is the Arab, knrlal ' hamper ' of the present day.
'Cage' in Rev 18* {<j>v\aKri) means 'hold,' i.e. 'prison' (RVm), or the word may l;ave here an accent of mockery, representing the owls and bats as mounting guard over the traditions of the past. Noone would think of putting 'unclean and hateful' birds in a cage or crate, as they were unfit for food and too Ul-omened for ornament.
G. M. Mackie.
CAIAPHAS (Kai(i.^s), more correctly 'Joseph C (cf. 'Joseph called Barsahbas,' Ac 1^), appointed high priest of the Jews by the Rom. procurator ValenusGratus (predecessor of Pontius Pilate), and removed by Vitellius A.D. 37 (Jos. Ant. XVIII. ii. 2, iv. 3). C. was son-in-law to Annas (Ananus), high priest A.D. 7-14. Some confusion has ari.sen from Lk 3" ' in the high priesthood of Annas ami C.,' and Ac 4' 'Annas the high priest and C (cf. Mk 16'), as well as Jn 18i"-*' where 'the higli priest' almost certainly designates Annas. (For explanation of this usage of terras see Annas, Saniiedrin.) The chief priests were at this period mostly Sadducees (Ac 4' 5", cf. Jos. Ant. xv. ix. 3), and in the final conllict with Jesus they played a more prominent part than the Pharisees, as they did also in the subsequent persecution of the apostles. AVIien the popularity of Jesus had received a powerful impulse from the raising of Lnrarus, C. was the leading spirit at the council vhich was held to devise measures to stem the popu- lar current (.Jn 1 1*""). His counsel was to put .Jesus to death before a tumult of the people should bring down upon the nation the vengeance of the Romans. His action upon this occasion illustrates his char-
acteristic disregard of justice and religion, and shows with what adroitness he could hide self- interest under the cloak of patriotism. But there was a deeper meaning in his words than he waa conscious of ; and the evangelist finds in them a high-priestly prophecy of the atonement (w.°'- " ; cf. Ex 28*', Nu 27-') — with which may be compared similar unconscious testimonies in Mt 27'"- '' and Mk 15^'. The policy which C. advocated at this meeting, he was largely instrumental in carrying out. It was in ' the court of the high priest who was called C that ' the chief priests and elders' resolved to take Jesus ' by subtilty ' — wth the help of Judas (]\It 26'- *• "•'«) ; and it was C. that took the leading part in the trial of Jesus at the nocturnal meeting held immediately after the private examination before Annas (Jn IS'", Mt 26"""°). The procedure under C.'s presidency was a travesty of justice, and whUe they 'sought false witness against him,' Jesus kept silence; even when challenged by C. to speak. — till the latter, despairing of establishing any relevant charge by means of mtnesses, solemnly adjured Jesus to say whether He was ' the Christ, the Son of God.' At once the unfaltering answer came (although the speaker knew that He would have to seal His testimony with His blood), whereupon C, with an affectation of pious horror, rent his garments, saying, ' He hath spoken blasphemy . . . What think ye ? ' — to which ' they answered, He is worthy of death,' — a sentence that was ratified next morning at a formal meeting of the Sanhe- drin (Mt 27'- * ; Jn IS^*). After this C. is only once mentioned by name in the NT (Ac 4*), associ- ated with ' as many as were o/ the kindred of the high priest ' in the trial of Pti^er and John ; but in all probability he is ' the high priest ' of Ac 5"" "• " 7' 9', who continues to persecute the Church.
J. A. M'Clymont. CAIN (ps), Firstborn of the first pair (Gn 4'). As murderer C. marks a further stage in the down- ward course of the fallen race, whUe he also foreshadows its material progress. The name, which J derives from the mother's joyful ex- clamation at the ' acquisition ' of a man-child (.nji; procure), may also have suggested the secondary notion of the man of blood (['p a spear). A tiller of tlie soil (4-), C. offered a sacrifice of the produce of the earth (4'), which, however, was not viewed bv God with acceptance (4'). The ground of the divine displeasure has commonly been sought in the tardiness of the ottering, or in its comparative worthlessness, — in the latter case, either because he withheld his best, or because of the insufficiency of a sacrifice without blood ; but, while the spirit of C. may well be supposed to have expressed itself in del.ay and niggardliness, the text does not carry us beyond the prophetic idea that the ottering, owing to the character and inward disposition of C, could not please God (cf. He ll*). As to the manner in which God intimated His rejection of the sacrifice, the narrative is also silent, though the analogy of the primitive history suggests various forms of the revelation — especially the audible voice of God, or the refusal of the consum- ing fire. Wrothful and dejected at the slighting of his "ifts, C. is rebuked by God (4"-'), who teaches uim that joy (forgiveness?) is the reward of well-doing, but the penalty of wrong-doing the temptation to further sin.* t'he guilt of the fratri- cide is aggravated by premeditation in LXX and