J. A. Selbie. FURTHER.— To 'further' in the sense of ' help forward ' is used of persons in Ezr 8" ' they furthered tlie people, and the house of God ' (iKf j). So Chaucer, houjs 0/ Fame, 2023—
• And paf expres commaundement, To whiche I am obedient, To furlhre thee with al my might.'
Furtherance occurs in Ph 1'"- '" as tr. of xpoitoinj, which in 1 Ti 4">, its only other occurrence, is tr' 'profiting.' RV gives 'progress' in all. On the other hand RV introduces 'furtherance' into Ph 1° '2-'^ to express the force of els witli tlie ace. (els tA eiuYyi'Kioi', ' in furtherance of the gospel,' AV ' in the gospel '). Cf. Healej' (IGIO), Ht. Aug. Citie of God, I. xi. 19, ' The ponipes of tlie funerulls are rather solaces to the living then furtherances to the dead.'
FURY.— The Heb. word .-Kfg IftrtxAh, which is
once (Est 1") tr"" 'anger,' and often 'wrath,' is 66 (KTO of Dn 11" and Aram, v.", K^n of S"*- '" make 69) times tr'' 'fury.' Of these occurrences 61 refer to God, and then Amer. RV prefers ' wrath,' except in Is 42^ 60" ' fierceness.' Fury is also the tr. in A V of jno MrOrt in Job '20" ; RV ' fierceness,' as the word is a few times tr^ in A V. In the Apocr. ' fury ' occurs as the tr. of 6v)i.i\ Sir 1"' 45i» 48", Bar 1" (RV always 'wrath'): n\ Oi'/wl Wis 7* (AV 'furies,' RV "' ragings ') 10», 2 Mac 4» (both AV 'fury,' KV 'rage'); and ot
74
GAAL
GABBATHA
i\d<rTup 2 Mac 7' ' And -when he was at the last gasp, he said, Thoii like a fury takest us out of this present life ' (-u iiiv, aXdarup ; the only occvir- rence of the word in biblical Greek, though it is
found also in 4 Mac 9" U^ 18== ; RV ' Thou, mis. creant'). See Anger. J. Hastings.
FUTURE.— See Eschatolooy.
Gr
GAAL (Syj, ace. to Wellh. Isr. u. jiid. Geschichte, p. 26 = ' beetle,' of. Arab, ja'ul; see Gray, Ucbr. Prop. Names, p. 1 10), Jg Q'-*"" son of Ebed (ini;, LXX, A"A;3e«, B 'Iw/StjX, prob. error for '\uifii)S, Ohed i3iy ; cf. LXX 1 Ch 2" 11" 26', 2 Cli 23'. Less prob. 'lii^-q\, i.e. '?3v = Sy3v 'J" is Baal,' altered to Ebed to avoid offence). — Gaal, apparently a Canaanite and a new-comer to Shechem, was the ringleader of a revolt against Abimelech, son of Gideon. He first ingratiated himself with the Shechemites, and then adroitly seized the occasion of the popular vintage-festival to incite them to revolt and make himself their leader. Zebul, Abimelech's otlicer in Shechem, heard of the plot, and sent a warning to his cliief. Following Zebul's advice, Abinieleih marched against the town and surrounded it with ambuscades under cover of night. Gaal, from the entrance of the gate, noticed the approach of Abimelech's men, and pointed them out to Zebul, ^^■llo replied first with an ironical answer and then with an open taunt, bidding him go forth and tight with them. In the battle which tullowed, Abime- lech completely defeated the rebels, and Zebul drove out Gaal and his brethren from the city. The context suggests that the revolt was one of ' native Shechemites against the half-Israelite Abimelech ' (Moore). Gaal poses as their champion. It is by no means clear that Gaal was an Israelite, and that his object was to rouse the Israelite population against the Shechemite ruler. W. R. Smith, Th. T. XX. 1886, p. 196 ff., would place v.^ after v.-'- ; and Budde, RiM. u. Sam. p. 118, after v.^^. But no transposition is needed. In v.'^ read with LXX ^iJin for nnj; ' Do not the son of JerubbaaJ and Zebul . . . make slaves of the men of Hamor ? ' Another simple alteration is nny (perf.) proposed by Moore, ' Were not . . . subject to Hamor?' V.'-'" fon-ti'i read 17N1 ' and I would say.' V."' for ncno^ ' deceitfully ' (?) read nnnx? 'in Arumah,' cf. v.'". c'-if can hardly be right : Stade suggests nja D-iyP ; but the text is doubtful. See further under Abimelech. G. A. Cooke.
GAASH (e'yj). — A mountain in Ephraim, S. of Timnath-serah or Timnath-heres (wh. see), Jos 24-*', Jg 2'. The torrent-valleys (O'^ijj) of G. are men- tioned in 2 S 23'»=lCh 11»2.
GABAEL (B Fa^a-fiX, A ra^zaiiX).— 1. A distant ancestor of 'Tobit (To !')• 2. A friend and kinsman of "Tobit, residing at Rages in Media. To him Tobit, when purveyor to the king of Assyria, once entrusted, as a deposit, 10 talents of silver (Vulg. only : 'lent it under a bond, because G. was needy'), To 1". For years the money was not claimed. The reason for this is given with great variety in the VSS (1">). When, however, blindness and poverty came on Tobit in Nineveh, he recollected, after prayer, the long-forgotten treasure (To 4'), and wished his son Tobias to fetch it (4-'). Tobias found a guide, Raphael in disguise, who said lie had lodged with G. (To 5'). When Tobias married Sarah in Ecbat£.na he sent Raphael for the deposit (9*). G. welcomed him, and brought forth tlie bags with seals unbroken, returning with Raphael to the wedding feast. All the VSS, except B and Heb. of Fagius, tell of a liearty blessing which (;.