W. EWINO.
FULNESS.— See Pleroma.
FUNERAL.— See Burial.
FURLONG.— See Weights and Measures.
FURNACE In OT five words are tr" furaaja
FURXITURE
FURY
73
in EV. 1. iv'r?, a kiln for burning limestone into lime, or for smelting ore, chieHy iron. The former was constiucted of lime-stones arranged in con- centric layers in the form of a dome, with an opening at the top for the escape of air and smoke, and another at the bottom for supplying the hollow of the dome with fuel. In this case, as well as in furnaces for smelting, great and long-continued heat was required, and the com- bustion caused a thick and dark column of smoke to ascend. It is this appearance that is referred to in the account of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah : ' and, lo, the smoke of the land went up as tlie smoke of a furnace ' (Gn 19^). 2. prix, an Aram, word still in use in Syria (Arab, nttun) for the lime-kiln described above. It occurs only in Dn 3, but there repeatedly as the ' furnace ' into which Shadrach, Meshach, and Abed-nego were cast. 3. ^'^]l, Ps 12*, but the text here is quite uncertain. (See Cheyne, ad loc. and Expos. Times, viii. 170, 287, 336, 379.) 4. nia (Arab, kur, a blacksmith's tireplace), a smelting furnace, for iron (Dt 4»>, 1 K 8", Jer 11^), but especially for gold (Pr 17» 27^'). used metaphorically (Is 48'", furnace of affliction). 5. TJn, sometimes tr. ' fur- nace' (Gn 15"), and sometimes 'oven' (Lv 26^")— the latter being probably the correct tr°. The Arab, word tannur is still in use on the Lebanon for a special kind of oven in which women bake bread. A pit is dug in the earth, and a hollow cylinder of pottery, about two feet in diameter, is let down into it. Fire is kindled at the bottom, and, when the smoke subsides and the cylinder is sufficiently heated, a thin circular layer of dough, spread out on a pad, is deftly stuck to the inner side of the cylinder. The cakes, which are about a foot in diameter, are considered a very good kind of bread. The same word in Gr. of NT (Mt 13") and in Arab, (ra/xii-os, kamin) means a furnace. In Syria tiie word is still in use for furnaces employed in heating public baths, and the heat Generated in them is very great. J. Wobtabet.
FURNITURE In Gn 31" it is said that Rachel
had taken the images (RV 'teraphim') belonging to her father, and put them ' in the camel's fur- niture.' The Heb. [i;] occurs only here (S-jrn:?), and designates a basket-shaped palanquin which was placed on the camel's saddle, chiefly for carry- ing tne women. See DUlmann, in loc, who quotes Knobel and refers to Burckhardt, Bedouins, ii. 85 ; W. G. Brown, Travels, 453 ; Ker Porter, Travels, ii. 232; Jahn, Bibl. Arch. 54; see also art. Camrl. The Eiig. word is apparently original to AV. The older Eng. VSS were misled by the Vulg. stramenta camcli, and Luther's die strcu der KaiHcl (mod. edd. die Streu der Kamcele), and render 'straw' or 'litter,' though Gen. Bible has 'saddle' in marg. (Wye. 1382 'the literyng of a caniele,' 1388 ' the strewyngis of the camel '). The AV and RV word ' furniture ' is used in the
Siuer.'il sense of equipment, accoutrement, as in utiyan. Holy war (Clar. Press ed. p. 112), ' Wherefore, let it please thee to accept of our Palace for thy place of residence, and of the Houses of the best men in our Town for the re- ception of thy Soldiers and their Furniture.'
The same word is given in AV 7 times (Ex 81''""*» 3514 3.,M Nah 2») as ihe tr. of •';? kCli, which is usually tr'' ' vessel.' RV prefers ' vessel ' in Ex 31"'' • anil 35", but gives ' furniture ' as the tr. of the same Heb. in Ex 25», Nu 3" 7', 2 S 24-J (AV all 'instrument'); Ex 40', Nu !«"' 4"-", 1 Ch 9=» (AV all ' vessel ').
For an account of the furniture of an Eastern house, see House. J. Hastings.
FURPOW This is the tr" in AV of the follow.
ing Heb. words. 1. -ma Ps C5'» (RV ' ridges '1. This word, which is most familiar to us in the sense of a ' troop ' [e.g. 1 S 30»- "• ^ and oft. ), means literally a ' cutting,' and (in plur. fern, rh-;) appears in Jer 48" in connexion with cuttings in the flus-Ii as a sign of mourning. 2. nyip or n'i]n Ps 129', where the word is used m'etaphorically, 'The plowers plowed upon my back, they made long their furrows' (ctmj^? Kethibh, Oii:;-? ^erc). The only other occurrence of this word is in the ob.=eure expression in 1 S 14'-' r^y lyx ,1:^^? -x-jj, which is tr' in AV 'within as it were an half acre of land [which] a yoke [of oxen might plow] ' ; AVm ' lialf a furrow of an acre of land,' RV ' within as it ^^ere half a furrow's length in an acre of land,' RVm 'half an acre of land.' There is the strongest reason to suspect the originality of MT. LXX has if fi6\l<n Kcd /v^xXaJii" roD ireSiov, and it is not im- probable that the Heb. expression originally speci- fied the weapons used by Jonathan and his armour- bearer, although in that case we have probably here a gloss transferred from v.'" (see Wellhausen and Driver's notes, ad loc., also Budde in >iBOT). 3. .i:ni^ Ezk 17'-'", where RV rightly sulistitutes 'beds,' as in Ca 5" &^ [all]. 4. c'rn Job 31^ 39'", Hos 10* 12'i. The same word (in plii'r.) is tr'' by RV ' furrows ' in Ps 65", where AV has ' ridges.' 5. In Hos W ihe Kethibh has cnrv, ^erc cobiy 'furrows.' Many modern scholars (following LXX, Vulg. and Pesh.) would read Dniji;; ' transgressions.' The pas- sage appears to be hopelessly corrupt. AV (text) 'when they shall bind themselves in their two furrows,' is of course meaningless. RV proposes ' when thej' are bound to their two transgressions ' ; but even this fails to yield a satisfactory sense. Probably Nowack is not far wrong in liis con- jectural tr° um sie zu ziichtigen wcgen ihrer beiden Vergehungen, 'to punish "them for both their transgressions.' Similarly Guthe (in Kautzsdi's AT), wenn sie fur Hire zwei Verschuldungen ZUchtigung empfangen, ' when they receive punishment for their two transgressions.' The latter will be their wrong choice of a king and their idolatry, or perhaps the reference may be to the two calves at IJethel and Dan (see Nowack and Wellh. ad loc, and cf. Siegfried- Stade, *. |iv)- See further under Aguicultukk.