Bull, bullock, cow, kine.—1. 15 par (fem. πῇ»
ἄγαλ, the female of the bovine species). When intended to refer to a young bull there is often added 79373 (Ex 29! etc.) ; once in construct state with shdr, Wwe =‘ bullock of the ox’ (Jg 6”); once in apposition, 19 =‘ ox-bullock,’ i.e. ‘ bullock of the oxen’ (Ps 69°). Par and pdrdh are usually employed to designate bulls or heifers for sacrifice. They are, however, occasionally used otherwise (Ps 2213 etc.).
2. 12x ’abbir. A metaphorical term, derived from the idea of his strength and valour (Ps 224 50", Is 347). In the same metaphorical sense it is used to designate the horse (Jer 815 478, AV ‘strong horses, RV ‘strong ones’ 50%, AV ‘bulls,’ m. ‘steeds,’ RV ‘strong horses’).
3. \xn ἐδ δ (Dt 14°), AV ‘ wild ox,’ RV ‘ antelope’; xin ἐδ (Is 51”), AV ‘wild bull,’ RV ‘antelope.’ In the absence of any certainty as to the species it is better to adopt oryx, after the LXX (Dt 14° ὄρυξ. In Is 51” LXX has ὡς σευτλίον ἡμίεφθον, ‘like a half- cooked beetroot’) and Vulg., and to suppose that the wild animal here eeeeniteal is Oryx beatriz, formerly confounded with Antilope leucoryx, Pall. Itis found on the borders of the Syrian desert. The horns are sold in Damascus and Jerusalem ; they are over 3 ft. long. The creature is between 34 and 4 ft. high. Its lower parts and a portion of the face are sandy white, and the rest of the face, back, and flanks tawny.
Calf, heifer.—:y ‘égel, is the young of the bovine species, irrespective of sex. Vith the feminine suflix, πο; ‘eg/a@h, either ‘a single calf,’ irrespective of sex (Dt 218), or ‘a young cow’
(Is 72). Heifer is the tr® once of mp pdrdh (Nu 193), usually of ‘eglah (Dt 21%, Jg 14% etc.). See HEIFER.
There is no evidence that the buffalo, Bos bubalus, L., was known in Bible times. It is now common in the marshy districts, where it can wallow in the mud, but always as a domestic, not a wild animal. It is common in the Haleh region, in the plain of Esdraelon, the Jordan Valley, and about Hems and Hama,
The Scripture allusions to oxen and their con- geners are too numerous to be cited. They were used for ploughing (1 K 19), for draught, yoked in one or more pairs (Nu 73), as beasts of burden (1 Ch 12 etc.), for treading out the corn (Dt 25* etc.), for food (Dt 14*), sacrifices (Gn 15° etc.), dairy purposes (Dt 32, Is 7%, 2S 17%). Herds were investments of wealth (Job 15 42"). The pasture
ounds of Palestine and Syria were extensive.
xen were also ee and fattened in stalls (1 Καὶ 4%, Pr 15", Lk 13"). In the winter they were fed on stubble and straw, ¢ibn (Is 117) and ‘clean (AVm ‘leavened,’ RV ‘ savoury’) provender’ (30%). The Mosaic law provided for their ppeeeection (Ex 2213, Dt 25). The ox is found only where water is abundant and there is green pasture in spring- time. Most of the cattle of the Holy Land at
resent are of inferior breeds. Probably this is
ut a part of the degeneracy of the country. The best races of animals would thrive there, and even now one sometimes sees fine specimens of horned cattle. See CATTLE. G. E. Post.
OX-GOAD.—See GoAD, and AGRICULTURE in vol. i. p. 49° where an ox-goad is figured.
OZEM (osk).—4. An elder brother of David, 1 Ch 2% (“Acou). The vocalization of MT is of doubtful correctness. Kittel thinks osx (cf. LXX) more probable than oss. Cf. the parallel case of Oren (wh. see) and Aran. 2 Ason of Jerahmeel, 1 Ch 2% (B’Acdy, Α ᾿Ασόμ).
OZIAS (‘Ofelas).—41. 1 Es 83 (B’O¢elas, A ’Ettas), 2 Es 1? (Ozias), one of the ancestors of Ezra (cf. Ezr 7"). 2. 1 Es 5%, head of a family of temple servants which returned with Zerubbabel, ed Uzza, Ezr 2%, Neh 7. 3, The son of Micah, of the tribe of Simeon, one of the rulers of Bethulia in the history of Judith (Jth 6° 7% 810. 35, 86 10),
OZIEL (’O¢euj\).—An ancestor of Judith, Jth 81. The name occurs frequently in OT under the form Uzziel (Sx3y).
OZNI (°3)x).—A son of Gad, Nu 26", called in Gn 4616 Ezbon (j2sx). In the passage in Nu the same word *)}x7 is used also as ἃ patronymic=the Oznites.
PAARAI.—In MT of 28 23" «zx ny ‘ Paarai the Arbite’ appears as one of David’s thirty heroes. The parallel passage, 1 Ch 11%, has ‘3)73 "Ww ‘Naarai the son of Ezbai’ (B Naapal υἱὸς ᾿Αζωβαὶ, A Noopa υἱὸς ᾿Αζβί ; cf. the reading of some twenty MSS of LXX in 2 8, τοῦ Οὐραὶ (Οὐρὲ) υἱὸς τοῦ ‘AcBt). It is impossible to decide with any con- fidence between the names Naarai and Paarai, or the readings ‘son of Ezbai’ and ‘the Arbite’ (cf. the name Arad in Jos 15%) or ‘the Archite’ (ef. Jos 167, 1 S 163 a/.). This last reading is favoured
li
by Klostermann, and seems to be pointed to b the sormpe reading of B, Ovpaoepyel, in 2 23° (cf. Driver, ad Joc.), as well as by that of A, Φαραεὶ ὁ ᾿Αραχειείς. See, further, ARBITE, ΕΖΒΑΙ, NAARAI, and cf. Kittel’s note on 1 Ch 11” in SBOT, J. A. SELBIE.