PADDAN, ἐδ. Paddan-aram, is found in Gn 48) only. Perhaps 07% has fallen out of the Heb. text; it is present in the Sam., as well asin the LXX (Mecororaula τῆς Συρίας).
PADDAN-ARAM
See ARAM, in vol. i. p. 138°. Bab. contracts of the age of Abraham as a measure of land. It is the modern Arabic fedddn, ‘acre.’
A. H. SAYCE. PADDLE (10); πάσσαλος ; paraus) occurs only in Dt 234 AV and RV, but 4 i
Vm ‘shovel’ (which is Coverdale’s word). The Heb. word is elsewhere used of a tent-pin (Ex 27", Jg 451 e¢ al.), and of a peg for hanging on (Ezr 9°, Is 22%-*, Ezk 15%), always of wood, so that the translation ‘nail’ should be avoided. Once also it signifies the batten or pin with which the woof is beaten up into the web (Jg 16; see WEAVING). In Dt 23 it is used of a wooden tool for digging, a spade. In earlier papal a small spade used for ἘΙΕΣΩΣΕΕ the plough-share was called a ‘paddle,’ whic explains the choice of this word in the Geneva Bible, whence it reached AV and RV. J. HASTINGS. PADON (j\15, addv).—The name of a family of Nethinim who returned with Zerubbabel, Ezr 24= Neh 7“; called in 1 Es 5” Phaleas (Φαλαίας).
PAGIEL (5x'y22).—Son of Ochran, mentioned by P as chief of the tribe of Asher at the time of the Exodus, Nu 118 27 (Φαγαιήλ), 77 (B Φαγεήλ, A Φαγαιηλ), 7 (B Φαγεήλ, A Φαγαί), 10% (Φαγαιήλ). The Heb. name is probably of late origin and of artifi- cial character (see Gray, HPN 200f., 210).
PAHATH-MOAB (ax\onnp ‘ governor of Moab’; A Φααθμωάβ, B Φααθμ., Φααβμ., Paadp., Φαλαβμ., ᾧθαλειμ., Μααθμ. ; Phahath-moab, and in 1 Es 8* ductoris Moab(ilionis) [the -ilionts represents the Greek word after Moad]).—In the list of those who returned from Babylon with Zerubbabel there are included ‘ Béné Pahath-moab of the Béné Jeshua and) Joab 2812,’ Ezr 25, 1 Es 5", ‘2818’ Neh 7;
the list of those who returned with Ezra, ‘ Of the Béné Pahath-moab, Eliehoenai ben Zerahiah and 200 males,’ Ezr 8*, 1 Es 8%; in the list of the husbands of foreign wives are named eight of the Béné Pahath-moab, Ezr 10”; in the list of the repairers of the wall of Jerusalem is named Has- shub ben-Pahath-moab (Neh 3"); and amongst those who signed the covenant, ‘the chiefs of the people . . . Pahath-moab,’ Neh 10% Here we must understand the chief of the clan Pahath- moab, this being a Jewish clan, part of which remained in Babylon, while part returned with Zerubbabel and part with Ezra. The language of Ezr 2° etc. shows that at the Return this clan consisted of two branches, Jeshua and Joab. In Ezr 8° the Béné Joab are enumerated as a separate clan, which furnished Ezra with Obadiah and 218 males,
Pahath-moab, as the name of a Jewish clan, is an enigma of which we have no satisfactory solution. It is commonly explained as ‘governor of Moab.’ The peril ety of the compound name would thus be connected with the Assyrian pehah, which occurs so frequently in the Inscriptions. Pahath-moab may
a reminiscence of the Israelite dominion in Moab, and may have some connexion with ‘the dominion in Moab’ of the Judahite Béné Shelah mentioned in 1 Ch 4%. Or ‘Pahath’ may have replaced syllables of similar sound but different meaning, a familiar phenomenon in the history of proper names, e.g. ‘Cat and Wheel’ for ‘ Cathe- i heel.’ In this case the clan Pahath-moab may have been connected with some Israelite settlement in Moab, or even with a settlement of Moabite refugees in Judah. Or, again, ag : may be the word for ‘pit’; or the whole word Pahath-moab may be a corruption of some name which had no connexion in meaning with either pehah or Moub. A process of corruption antecedent
PADDAN-ARAM (037x722, Μεσοποταμία Zuplas).— | to MT would be i Padanu is used in | 1 Es 5", which no
'as women apply kuld to the eyes.
PAINT 639
prea by Vulg. Phemo in oubt goes back to the Pahath- moab of MT. Cf. Meyer, Entstehung des Juden- thums, pp. 146, 157. W. H. BENNETT.
PAI (‘y5).—The capital city of Hadad (1 Ch) or Hadar (Gn), a king of Edom, 1Ch 1. In the peal passage, Gn 36%, the name occurs in the orm Pau (3y5). The LXX has in both Sages Φογώρ (= yp; cf. Paywp in Jos 15%), and Ball thinks yp ‘is promeley right,’ while Kittel pro- nounces it ‘perhaps the more original.’ The site of the place referred to has not been identified, although there is some plausibility in the com- parison Seetzen (Reisen, ili. 18) suggests with the ruins of Phauw'ara in Edom (cf. Ritter, Erdkunde,
xiv. 995; but see, against this identification, Buhl, Edomiter, p- 38 Anm. 3). Hommel (4 H7 264) suggests reading Pa'ish. J. A. SELBIE.
PAINFUL, PAINFULNESS.—‘ Painful’ was for- merly used as we now use ‘ pe eee, i.e. care- ful, industrious, laborious. We find three examples in AV, Ps 7315 ‘When I thought to know this, it was too painful for me’ (‘py2 [Keré min] xn Soy, ie. as AVmand RVm ‘it was labour in mine eyes’), 2 Es7™, 2Mac 2. So Elyot, The Governour, ii. 275, ‘Suppose ye that the same Anniball. . . coulde haue wonne from the Romagnes all Spayne.. . if he had not ben a man paynefull and of labour incom-